Air pollution and Covid-19: the role of particulate matter in the spread and increase of Covid-19's morbidity and mortality
Open accessAbstract
Sars-Cov-2 virus (COVID-19) is a member of the coronavirus family and is responsible for the pandemic recently declared by the World Health Organization. A positive correlation has been observed between the spread of the virus and air pollution, one of the greatest challenges of our millennium. COVID-19 could have an air transmission and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could create a suitable environment for transporting the virus at greater distances than those considered for close contact. Moreover, PM induces inflammation in lung cells and exposure to PM could increase the susceptibility and severity of the COVID-19 patient symptoms. The new coronavirus has been shown to trigger an inflammatory storm that would be sustained in the case of pre-exposure to polluting agents. In this review, we highlight the potential role of PM in the spread of COVID-19, focusing on Italian cities whose PM daily concentrations were found to be higher than the annual average allowed during the months preceding the epidemic. Furthermore, we analyze the positive correlation between the virus spread, PM, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor involved in the entry of the virus into pulmonary cells and inflammation.
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- Authors
- Comunian, S., Dongo, D., Milani, C., & Palestini, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- Égalité org, 00152 Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author
- Milani, Chiara
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-06-22
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4487
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7345938
- OpenAlex
- W3035915688
- Cited by
- 464
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 102 · 2021: 158 · 2020: 44
- FWCI
- 5.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › COVID-19 impact on air quality
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, particulate matter, air pollution, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, airborne transmission, lung inflammation, ACE2 receptor, COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, Italian cities, urban air quality
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aerosols, Air Pollution, Cities, Humans, Inflammation, Italy, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Morbidity, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Oxidative Stress, Particulate Matter, Pandemics
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