Self-Management Mobile Virtual Reality Program for Women with Gestational Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes shows an increasing trend worldwide, and women diagnosed with gestational diabetes are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes within 5 years of delivery. This is closely related to lifestyle habits such as dietary intake and physical activity; hence, self-management should be continuously practiced. However, after childbirth, women find it challenging to practice self-management due to physical discomfort and child rearing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an intervention program that is tailored to the characteristics of each participant and allows them to practice self-health management efficiently without time and space restrictions. This study aimed to develop a self-management mobile virtual reality program and investigate its efficacy in preventing type 2 diabetes after childbirth among women diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Intervention with the self-management mobile virtual reality program was performed for 12 weeks. The data of 57 participants in the experimental group and 62 participants in the control group were analyzed. After 12 weeks, the body weight, body fat, hemoglobin A1c, and fasting glucose were decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. In addition, the dietary habits and health-promoting lifestyle profile were improved in the experimental group compared with the control group. These findings demonstrated that a self-managed mobile virtual reality program could be used as an intervention method for health promotion. To verify the effectiveness of intervention with the self-management mobile virtual reality program, a follow-up study with a larger number of research subjects should be conducted in the future.
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Kim et al using virtual reality and Everett et al using AI interventions showed significant HbA1c reduction compared to the control group (P<.05).
“such as significant HbA1c reduction compared to the control group in Kim et al [45] using virtual reality (VR) technology and Everett et al [46] using AI interventions (P<.05).”
From Digital Health Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
Of 12 DCP studies assessing dysglycemia, 9 (75%) reported positive population health outcomes and 3 (25%) showed neutral effects.
“Of the 12 studies (92.3%) assessing the effects of dysglycemia, 9 (75%) reported positive population health outcomes, such as significant HbA1c reduction compared to the control group in Kim et al [45] using virtual reality (VR) technology and Everett et al [46] using AI interventions (P<.05). Furthermore, 3 (25%) studies [40,44,47] showed the effect was neutral.”
From Digital Health Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Kim, S.-H., Kim, H. J., & Shin, G.
- Affiliations
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Kyungsung University (KR)
- Chung-Ang University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Shin, Gisoo
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-02-05
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1539
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7915744
- OpenAlex
- W3128301403
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 6.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2017R1A2B4009560)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, mobile virtual reality, self-management, type 2 diabetes prevention, postpartum women, health promotion, dietary habits, health-promoting lifestyle, body weight, glycemic control, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, fat mass
- MeSH terms
- Self-Management, Virtual Reality, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Pregnancy, Diabetes, Gestational
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