The experiences of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of qualitative evidence
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can have serious adverse effects on pregnant women and their fetuses. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore responses from women diagnosed with GDM and to describe their real-life experiences with self-management during pregnancy. The review provides insight into the physical, psychological, and social experiences of women with GDM; exploring these factors can help identify the challenges of glucose control and may provide targeted care and interventions to improve maternal and child health. Twelve databases were included in the initial article search, which was conducted on February 27, 2019. Two independent reviewers used the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research for methodological validity to assess articles for study inclusion. The final synthesized findings were graded according to the ConQual approach for establishing confidence. Ten studies (totaling 223 pregnant women with GDM), originating from 6 different countries, were included in the review. Of the 223 women, 171 had one pregnancy affected by GDM and 52 had two or more pregnancies affected by GDM. Based on the findings from these studies, three main themes emerged, which were synthesized from 10 separate categories and 46 individual findings: beliefs about illness and health; life-changing experiences and healthy expectations; and difficulties and needs. Both positive and negative experiences of pregnant women with GDM can be understood as a process of "continuous struggle and change". Understanding the experiences of women diagnosed with GDM can provide health care professionals with more knowledge of how women experience GDM and develop feasible interventions to reduce the risk of developing type II diabetes.PROSPERO registration number CRD42019132065.
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Some participants drew on general knowledge of diabetes, most commonly T2D, to interpret their diagnosis, which shaped early perceptions and expectations of GDM management.
“In line with previous qualitative work, some participants drew on general knowledge of diabetes, most commonly T2D, to interpret their diagnosis, which shaped early perceptions and expectations of GDM management [37].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [37]
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Managing Gestational Diabetes Complexity with Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Narrative Review
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- Authors
- He, J., Chen, X., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., & Bai, J.
- Affiliations
- Wuhan University (CN)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Yanqun
- Venue
- Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- Published
- 2020-11-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 777-787
- ISSN
- 1389-9155 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2606
- OpenAlex
- W3098750071
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- the National Natural Science Foundation (81903334)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, lived experience, pregnant women, self-management, glycemic control, illness beliefs, psychological experience, social experience, maternal health, type 2 diabetes prevention, maternal and child health
- MeSH terms
- Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Pregnancy, Diabetes, Gestational, Qualitative Research, Pregnant People, Pregnant Women
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