The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Exercise is typically one of the first management strategies advised for patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Together with diet and behavior modification, exercise is an essential component of all diabetes and obesity prevention and lifestyle intervention programs. Exercise training, whether aerobic or resistance training or a combination, facilitates improved glucose regulation. High-intensity interval training is also effective and has the added benefit of being very time-efficient. While the efficacy, scalability, and affordability of exercise for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes are well established, sustainability of exercise recommendations for patients remains elusive.
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In subjects with diabetes or obesity, exercise increases insulin sensitivity independently of changes in body fat with nutritional interventions.
“In subjects with diabetes or obesity, exercise is the cornerstone of therapeutic interventions. It increases insulin sensitivity independently of changes in body fat with nutritional interventions”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [236]
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- Authors
- Kirwan, J. P., Sacks, J., & Nieuwoudt, S.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Venue
- Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 7 suppl 1
- Pages
- S15-S21
- ISSN
- 0891-1150 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2869
- PMC
- PMC5846677
- OpenAlex
- W2735907094
- Cited by
- 467
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 9.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000439)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U34DK107917, R01DK108089)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R21AR067477)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD088061)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, physical activity, diabetes management, glucose regulation, high-intensity interval training, aerobic exercise, resistance training, lifestyle intervention, obesity prevention, exercise sustainability
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Exercise
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