The Impact of Psychological Interventions with Elements of Mindfulness (PIM) on Empathy, Well-Being, and Reduction of Burnout in Physicians: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Physician’s burnout has been recognized as an increasing and significant work-related syndrome, described by the combination of emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (D), together with low personal accomplishment (PA). It has many negative consequences on personal, organizational, and patient care levels. This systematic review aimed to analyze research articles where psychological interventions with elements of mindfulness (PIMs) were used to support physicians in order to reduce burnout and foster empathy and well-being. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in May 2019, within six electronic databases PubMed, EBSCOhost MEDLINE, PsycArticles, Cochrane Library, JSTOR, and Slovenian national library information system. Different combinations of boolean operators were used—mindfulness, empathy, medicine/family medicine/general practice/primary care, burnout, doctors/physicians, intervention, and support group. Additional articles were manually searched from the reference list of the included articles. Studies with other healthcare professionals (not physicians and residents) and/or medical students, and those where PIMs were applied for educational or patient’s treatment purposes were excluded. Results: Of 1194 studies identified, 786 screened and 139 assessed for eligibility, there were 18 studies included in this review. Regardless of a specific type of PIMs applied, results, in general, demonstrate a positive impact on empathy, well-being, and reduction in burnout in participating physicians. Compared with other recent systematic reviews, this is unique due to a broader selection of psychological interventions and emphasis on a sustained effect measurement. Conclusions: Given the pandemic of COVID-19, it is of utmost importance that this review includes also interventions based on modern information technologies (mobile apps) and can be used as an awareness-raising material for physicians providing information about feasible and easily accessible interventions for effective burnout prevention and/or reduction. Future research should upgrade self-reported data with objective psychological measures and address the question of which intervention offers more benefits to physicians.
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Limited intervention comparability contributed to heterogeneity.
“Limited intervention comparability further contributed to heterogeneity [24–27, 78].”
From Individual and organizational interventions to reduce burnout in resident physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Tement, S., Ketiš, Z. K., Miroševič, Š., & Selič-Zupančič, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Maribor (SI)
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Ljubljana, Poljanski Nasip 58, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-10-25
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 11181
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8582910
- OpenAlex
- W3208177358
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS (Research in the Field of Public Health No. P3-0339, Program MR-39262)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- physician burnout, mindfulness-based interventions, empathy, well-being, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, burnout prevention, physicians, mobile application, COVID-19 pandemic
- MeSH terms
- Burnout, Psychological, Psychosocial Intervention, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Burnout, Professional, Empathy, Humans, Physicians, Mindfulness
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