Abbreviated Mindfulness Intervention for Job Satisfaction, Quality of Life, and Compassion in Primary Care Clinicians: A Pilot Study
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: Burnout, attrition, and low work satisfaction of primary care physicians are growing concerns and can have a negative influence on health care. Interventions for clinicians that improve work-life balance are few and poorly understood. We undertook this study as a first step in investigating whether an abbreviated mindfulness intervention could increase job satisfaction, quality of life, and compassion among primary care clinicians. METHODS: A total of 30 primary care clinicians participated in an abbreviated mindfulness course. We used a single-sample, pre-post design. At 4 points in time (baseline, and 1 day, 8 weeks, and 9 months postintervention), participants completed a set of online measures assessing burnout, anxiety, stress, resilience, and compassion. We used a linear mixed-effects model analysis to assess changes in outcome measures. RESULTS: Participants had improvements compared with baseline at all 3 follow-up time points. At 9 months postintervention, they had significantly better scores (1) on all Maslach Burnout Inventory burnout subscales-Emotional Exhaustion (P =.009), Depersonalization (P = .005), and Personal Accomplishment (P <.001); (2) on the Depression (P =.001), Anxiety (P =.006), and Stress (P = .002) subscales of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21; and (3) for perceived stress (P = .002) assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale. There were no significant changes on the 14-item Resilience Scale and the Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale. CONCLUSIONS: In this uncontrolled pilot study, participating in an abbreviated mindfulness training course adapted for primary care clinicians was associated with reductions in indicators of job burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress. Modified mindfulness training may be a time-efficient tool to help support clinician health and well-being, which may have implications for patient care.
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Only two included studies measured resilience, and both reported non-significant findings.
“only two studies measured resilience and both reported non-significant findings (Fortney et al. 2013; Schroeder et al. 2016).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Fortney et al. 2013
Significant reductions in anxiety, depression, and stress were maintained at 9-month follow-up.
“Significant reductions in anxiety, depression and stress were maintained at 9-month follow-up (Fortney et al. 2013).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Fortney et al. 2013
Significant burnout reductions were maintained at follow-ups ranging from 3 months to 9 months.
“Significant reductions in burnout were maintained ranging from 3-month (Ducar et al. 2019; Schroeder et al. 2016) to 9-month (Fortney et al. 2013) follow-up.”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Fortney et al. 2013
Four studies reported ethnicity; three had mostly Caucasian participants and one had mostly Chinese participants.
“Four studies detailed ethnicity information of participants, and there was an overrepresentation of Caucasian participants in three studies (Crowder and Sears 2017; Fortney et al. 2013; Geary and Rosenthal 2011) and an overrepresentation of Chinese participants in another study (Suyi et al. 2017).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Fortney et al. 2013
Three included MBSR programmes were less than 3 weeks long and produced significant reductions in anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout and significant improvements in mindfulness.
“Three MBSR programmes were less than 3 weeks in duration and yielded significant reductions in anxiety, depression, stress and burnout and significant improvements in mindfulness (Ando et al. 2011; Fortney et al. 2013, Hallman et al. 2017).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Fortney et al. 2013
In one less-than-3-week programme, improvements in anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout were maintained at 9-month follow-up.
“improvements in anxiety, depression, stress and burnout were maintained at 9-month follow-up (Fortney et al. 2013).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Fortney et al. 2013
In one less-than-3-week programme, resilience findings were non-significant.
“Findings were non-significant for resilience (Fortney et al. 2013).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Fortney et al. 2013
Even MBSR programmes shortened to within 3 weeks produced effective outcomes for stress and mindfulness maintained at 2-month follow-up and for anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout maintained at 9-month follow-up.
“Even MBSR programmes that were shortened and delivered within a 3-week period, produced effective treatment outcomes for (1) stress and mindfulness maintained at 2-month follow-up (Hallman et al. 2017) and (2) anxiety, depression, stress and burnout maintained at 9-month follow-up (Fortney et al. 2013).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Fortney et al. 2013
Similar results were found in studies evaluating mindfulness practices with nursing professionals and primary care professionals.
“Similar results were also found in a study evaluating mindfulness practices with nursing professionals [31] and primary care professionals [34].”
From The Impact of an Online Mindfulness-Based Practice Program on the Mental Health of Brazilian Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2023) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Fortney, L., Luchterhand, C., Zakletskaia, L., Zgierska, A., & Rakel, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- The Annals of Family Medicine
- Publisher
- Annals of Family Medicine
- Published
- 2013-09-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 412-420
- ISSN
- 1544-1709 (ISSN-L)
- 1544-1717
- PMC
- PMC3767709
- OpenAlex
- W2118986302
- Cited by
- 431
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 38.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Annals of Family Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, primary care providers, burnout, job satisfaction, quality of life, compassion, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, resilience, clinician well-being, work-life balance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Burnout, Professional, Empathy, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Male, Middle Aged, Nurse Practitioners, Physicians, Physician Assistants, Pilot Projects, Primary Health Care, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Quality of Life, Time Factors, Meditation, Resilience, Psychological, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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