Cited by 644Psychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesHealth and Well-being Studies

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Perceived Stress Scale: Reliability and Validity Study in Greece

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Andreou, Eleni, Alexopoulos, Evangelos C., Lionis, Christos, Varvogli, Liza, Gnardellis, Charalambos, Chrousos, George P., Darviri, Christina·2011·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

DOI 10.3390/ijerph8083287PMC PMC3166743

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Abstract

Objective: To translate the Perceived Stress Scale (versions PSS-4, -10 and -14) and to assess its psychometric properties in a sample of general Greek population. Methods: 941 individuals completed anonymously questionnaires comprising of PSS, the Depression Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21 version), and a list of stress-related symptoms. Psychometric properties of PSS were investigated by confirmatory factor analysis (construct validity), Cronbach’s alpha (reliability), and by investigating relations with the DASS-21 scores and the number of symptoms, across individuals’ characteristics. The two-factor structure of PSS-10 and PSS-14 was confirmed in our analysis. We found satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha values (0.82 for the full scale) for PSS-14 and PSS-10 and marginal satisfactory values for PSS-4 (0.69). PSS score exhibited high correlation coefficients with DASS-21 subscales scores, meaning stress (r = 0.64), depression (r = 0.61), and anxiety (r = 0.54). Women reported significantly more stress compared to men and divorced or widows compared to married or singled only. A strong significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation between the stress score and the number of self-reported symptoms was also noted. Conclusions: The Greek versions of the PSS-14 and PSS-10 exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties and their use for research and health care practice is warranted.

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Authors: Andreou, E., Alexopoulos, E. C., Lionis, C., Varvogli, L., Gnardellis, C., Chrousos, G. P., & Darviri, C.
Affiliations: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
University of Crete (GR)
Technological Educational Institute of Western Greece (GR)
Corresponding author: Alexopoulos, Evangelos C.
ORCID: Andreou, Eleni
Alexopoulos, Evangelos C.
Lionis, Christos
Gnardellis, Charalambos
Chrousos, George P.
Darviri, Christina
Venue: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2011-08-11
Volume: 8
Issue: 8
Pages: 3287-3298
ISSN: 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8083287
PMC: PMC3166743
OpenAlex: W2133502190
Cited by: 641
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 24.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Health and Well-being Studies
Keywords: Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-14, PSS-10, psychometric properties, Greek translation, cross-cultural adaptation, construct validity, reliability statistics, DASS-21, depression, anxiety, stress, sex differences, marital status, stress symptoms
MeSH terms: Adult, Anxiety, Cities, Depression, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Greece, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results, Sex Distribution, Young Adult

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Perceived Stress Scale: Reliability and Validity Study in Greece

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