Psychometric Properties of a European Spanish Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
Open accessAbstract
This paper presents evidence from a heterogeneous sample of 440 Spanish adults, for the reliability and validity of a European Spanish version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The European Spanish version PSS (14-item) demonstrated adequate reliability (internal consistency, α = .81, and test-retest, r = .73), validity (concurrent), and sensitivity. Additional data indicate adequate reliability (α = .82, test-retest, r = .77), validity, and sensitivity of a 10-item short version of the PSS.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The Perceived Stress Scale showed very high internal consistency in the study sample (αT1=0.89 and αT2-T5=0.91).
“Our study made use of the Spanish adaptation [41], and the PSS for our sample showed very high internal consistency (αT1=0.89 and αT2-T5=0.91).”
The Spanish PSS-10 has adequate reliability, concurrent validity, and sensitivity.
“The Spanish version of the PSS-10 has adequate reliability (internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha= 0.82, and test–retest, r = 0.77), concurrent validity, and sensitivity (Remor, 2006).”
From Feasibility of a Brief Online Mindfulness and Compassion-Based Intervention to Promote Mental Health Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Remor, 2006
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139 · see citing works
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807 · see citing works
The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00296-3 · Cited by 9,779 · see citing works
Psychological stress and the coping process
Lazarus, R. S. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,164 · see citing works
Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death
Seligman, M. E. P. (1975) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 6,181 · see citing works
(1988) · Cited by 4,111 · see citing works
The social psychology of health
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-5686 · Cited by 1,797 · see citing works
Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress.
Averill, J. R. (1973) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0034845 · Cited by 1,570 · see citing works
(1995) · Cited by 1,270 · see citing works
Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists
Deary, I. J. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(96)00066-9 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
The Social Psychology of Health.
Gold, D. T., Spacapan, S., & Oskamp, S. (1990) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2073512 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Urban stress : experiments on noise and social stressors
Glass, D. C., & Singer, J. E. (1972) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Brody, L. R., & Hall, J. A. (1993) · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Urban stress: Experiments on noise and social stressors
Levi, L. (1973) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/0037-7856(73)90020-6 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Negative life events, perceived stress, negative affect, and susceptibility to the common cold.
Cohen, S., Tyrrell, D. A. J., & Smith, A. P. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.1.131 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Hewitt, P., Flett, G., & Mosher, S. (1992) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf00962631 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Childhood Illness-Related Parenting Stress: The Pediatric Inventory for Parents
Streisand, R. M. (2001) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/26.3.155 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Psychological Stress, Cytokine Production, and Severity of Upper Respiratory Illness
Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., & Skoner, D. P. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199903000-00009 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Stress-Related Changes in Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Wounds
Glaser, R., Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., Marucha, P. T., MacCallum, R. C., Laskowski, B. F., & Malarkey, W. B. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.5.450 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Ironson, G., Solomon, G. F., Balbin, E. G., O’Cleirigh, C., George, A., Kumar, M., Larson, D., & Woods, T. E. (2002) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2401_05 · Cited by 337 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…& Glaser, 2001); academic stress (Malarkey, Pearl, Demers, Kiecolt-Glaser, & Glaser, 1995); stress related to HIV infection/AIDS (Cruess et al., 1999; Ironson et al., 2002; Remor, 2000; Remor & Carrobles, 2001); and stress related to psychiatric patients (Hewitt, Flett, & Mosher (1992).”
BackgroundPredictors of Burden and Infectious Illness in Schizophrenia Caregivers
Dyck, D. G., Short, R., & VITALIANO, P. P. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199907000-00001 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Cohen, S. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.6.716 · Cited by 231 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The PSS was designed to measure “the degree to which individuals appraise situations in their lives as stressful” (Cohen, 1986, p. 716).”
BackgroundNegative life events, perceived stress, negative affect, and susceptibility to the common cold
Cohen, S., Tyrrell, D., & Smith, A. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.64.1.131 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
AIDS as a chronic illness: psychosocial implications
Siegel, K., & Lekas, H. (2002) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-200216004-00010 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Turner‐Cobb, J. M., & Steptoe, A. (1996) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199609000-00003 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Perceived Stress and Cellular Immunity: When Coping Counts
Stowell, J. R., Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., & Glaser, R. (2001) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1010630801589 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Malarkey, W. B., Pearl, D. K., Demers, L. M., Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., & Glaser, R. (1995) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(94)00077-n · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Psychiatric diagnosis before serological testing for the human immunodeficiency virus
Perry, S., Jacobsberg, L. B., Fishman, B., Frances, A., Bobo, J., & Jacobsberg, B. K. (1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.1.89 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Versión española de la escala de estrés percibido (PSS-14): Estudio psicométrico en una muestra VIH+
Remor, E., & Carrobles, J. A. (2001) · Ansiedad y Estrés · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in Environmental Psychology
Baum, A. E., Singer, J. E., & Singer, J. L. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203780800 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Cruess, D. G., Antoni, M. H., Kumar, M., Ironson, G. H., McCabe, P. M., Fernandez, J. B., Fletcher, M., & Schneiderman, N. (1999) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00010-4 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Effectiveness of interventions on opiate withdrawal treatment: an overview of systematic reviews
Amato, L., Davoli, M., Ferri, M., Gowing, L., & Perucci, C. A. (2004) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.11.002 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Stone, A. A., Mezzacappa, E. S., Donatone, B., & Gonder, M. (1999) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.18.5.482 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Escala hospitalaria de ansiedad y depresión. Su utilidad práctica en Psicología de la salud
Gabalda, I. C., & Ibáñez, E. (1992) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Stone, A. A., Mezzacappa, E. S., Donatone, B. A., et al. (1999) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.18.5.482 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
ANSIEDAD Y DEPRESIÓN. VALIDACIÓN DE LA ESCALA HAD EN PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS
(2000) · Revista de PSICOLOGÍA DE LA SALUD · doi:10.21134/pssa.v12i2.1174 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ansiedad y depresión. Validación de la Escala HAD en pacientes oncológicos
López-Roig, S., Pastor-Mira, M. D. L. Á., & Cantero, M. D. C. T. (2000) · Revista de PSICOLOGÍA DE LA SALUD · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Estrés, salud mental y cambios inmunológicos en estudiantes universitarios
Guarino, L. R. (2000) · Psicología conductual = behavioral psychology: Revista internacional de psicología clínica y de la salud · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Robinowitz, R., Roberts, W. R., Dolan, M. P., Patterson, E., Charles, H., Atkins, H. G., & Penk, W. E. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198909)45:5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Infección por VIH y SIDA: características psicológicas y adhesión al tratamiento
Remor, E. (2001) · Hispana · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Hovanitz, C.A., & Kozora, E. (1989). Life stress and clinically elevated MMPI scales: Gender differences in the moderating influence of coping. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 766-777.
- Losada-Baltar, A. (2005). Influencia de los pensamientos disfuncionales sobre el cuidado psicológico de cuidadores de personas mayores con demencia. Resultados de un estudio trasversal y de intervención. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Psychology Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid.
- Perry, S.W., Jacobsberg, L., Card, C., Ashman, T., Frances, A., Bobo, J., & Jacobsberg, B.K. (1990). Psychiatry diagnosis before serological test for the HIV virus. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 89-93.
- Terol, M.C., Rodríguez-Marín, J. López-Roig, S. Martín-Aragón, M., & Pastor, M.A. (1997, September). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Psychometric properties in a Spanish sample. 11 th Conference of the EHPS, 3-5, Bordeaux (France).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Review of the Psychometric Evidence of the Perceived Stress Scale
Lee, E.-H. (2012) · Asian Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.anr.2012.08.004 · Cited by 2,305 · see citing works
Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life
Samaha, M., & Hawi, N. S. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.045 · Cited by 1,246 · see citing works
Klein, E. M., Brähler, E., Dreier, M., Reinecke, L., Müller, K. W., Schmutzer, G., Wölfling, K., & Beutel, M. E. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0875-9 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Perceived Stress Scale: Reliability and Validity Study in Greece
Andreou, E., Alexopoulos, E. C., Lionis, C., Varvogli, L., Gnardellis, C., Chrousos, G. P., & Darviri, C. (2011) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph8083287 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Ruiz‐Fernández, M. D., Ramos‐Pichardo, J. D., Ibáñez‐Masero, O., Cabrera‐Troya, J., Carmona‐Rega, M. I., & Ortega‐Galán, Á. M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15469 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Clinical stress assessment using a visual analogue scale
Lesage, F. X., Berjot, S., & Deschamps, F. (2012) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqs140 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Reliability and Validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Spanish version
Rodríguez-Rey, R., Alonso-Tapia, J., & Hernansaiz-Garrido, H. (2016) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000191 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Cognitive-Emotional Hyperarousal as a Premorbid Characteristic of Individuals Vulnerable to Insomnia
Fernández-Mendoza, J., Vela-Bueno, A., Vgontzas, A. N., Ramos-Platón, M. J., Olavarrieta-Bernardino, S., Bixler, E. O., & De la Cruz-Troca, J. J. (2010) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181d75319 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Allostatic load is associated with chronic conditions in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study
Mattei, J., Demissie, S., Falcon, L. M., Ordovas, J. M., & Tucker, K. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.024 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
García-León, M. Á., Pérez-Mármol, J. M., Gonzalez-Pérez, R., García-Ríos, M. D. C., & Peralta-Ramírez, M. I. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.001 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
<b>AZ ÉSZLELT STRESSZ KÉRDŐÍV (PSS)</b> <b>MAGYAR VERZIÓJÁNAK JELLEMZŐI</b>
STAUDER, A., & KONKOLY THEGE, B. (2006) · Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika · doi:10.1556/mental.7.2006.3.4 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Lee, E., Chung, B. Y., Suh, C., & Jung, J. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12131 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
González-García, M., Álvarez, J. C., Pérez, E. Z., Fernandez-Carriba, S., & López, J. G. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01632-6 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“The Spanish version of the PSS-10 has adequate reliability (internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha= 0.82, and test–retest, r = 0.77), concurrent validity, and sensitivity (Remor, 2006).”
InfluentialMontero-López, E., Santos-Ruiz, A., García-Ríos, M. C., Rodríguez-Blázquez, M., Rogers, H. L., & Peralta-Ramírez, M. I. (2018) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.03.021 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Costa, C., Briguglio, G., Mondello, S., Teodoro, M., Pollicino, M., Canalella, A., Verduci, F., Italia, S., & Fenga, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.640454 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Pérez-Aranda, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Montero-Marín, J., García-Campayo, J., Andrés-Rodríguez, L., Borràs, X., Rozadilla-Sacanell, A., Peñarrubia-Maria, M. T., Angarita-Osorio, N., McCracken, L. M., et al. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001655 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Valls-Serrano, C., Caracuel, A., & Verdejo-Garcia, A. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.040 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
González-Ramírez, M. T., Rodríguez-Ayán, M. N., & Hernández, R. L. (2013) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2013.35 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Manotas, M., Segura, C., Eraso, M., Oggins, J., & McGovern, K. (2014) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/a0035150 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Andrés-Rodríguez, L., Borràs, X., Feliu-Soler, A., Pérez-Aranda, A., Rozadilla-Sacanell, A., Montero-Marin, J., Maes, M., & Luciano, J. V. (2019) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.02.030 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Validation of a Greek version of PSS-14; a global measure of perceived stress
Katsarou, A., Panagiotakos, D., Zafeiropoulou, A., Vryonis, M., Skoularigis, I., Tryposkiadis, F., & Papageorgiou, C. (2012) · Central European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.21101/cejph.a3698 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Vallejo, M. A., Ortega, J., Rivera, J., Comeche, M. I., & Vallejo-Slocker, L. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.06.006 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Stress Perceived by University Health Sciences Students, 1 Year after COVID-19 Pandemic
Marcén-Román, Y., Gasch-Gallen, A., Vela Martín de la Mota, I. I., Calatayud, E., Gómez-Soria, I., & Rodríguez-Roca, B. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18105233 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Luis, E., Bermejo-Martins, E., Martinez, M., Sarrionandia, A., Cortes, C., Oliveros, E. Y., Garces, M. S., Oron, J. V., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048469 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Delgado-Pastor, L. C., Ciria, L. F., Blanca, B., Mata, J. L., Vera, M. N., & Vila, J. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.04.001 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Paladines-Costa, B., López-Guerra, V., Ruisoto, P., Vaca-Gallegos, S., & Cacho, R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18062944 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Stress and Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder: A Scoping Review
Thomas, T. A., Schmid, A. M., Kessling, A., Wolf, O. T., Brand, M., Steins-Loeber, S., & Müller, A. (2024) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152482 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Tran, A. N., Ornelas, I. J., Perez, G., Green, M. A., Lyn, M., & Corbie-Smith, G. (2014) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-012-9735-y · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Márquez, M. A., Galiana, L., Oliver, A., & Sansó, N. (2021) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13209 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dorais, S., & Gutierrez, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720824 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Deeken, F., Häusler, A., Nordheim, J., Rapp, M., Knoll, N., & Rieckmann, N. (2018) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610217001387 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The effects of stress inoculation training on perceived stress in pregnant women
Khorsandi, M., Vakilian, K., Salehi, B., Goudarzi, M. T., & Abdi, M. (2016) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105315589800 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Prenatal perceived stress and adverse birth outcomes among Puerto Rican women
Szegda, K., Bertone-Johnson, E. R., Pekow, P., Powers, S., Markenson, G., Dole, N., & Chasan-Taber, L. (2018) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2016.6118 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bellido-González, M., Robles-Ortega, H., Castelar-Ríos, M. J., Díaz-López, M. Á., Gallo-Vallejo, J. L., Moreno-Galdó, M. F., & de los Santos-Roig, M. (2019) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-019-1119-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Montero-López, E., Santos-Ruiz, A., González, R., Navarrete-Navarrete, N., Ortego-Centeno, N., Martínez-Augustín, O., Rodríguez-Blázquez, M., & Peralta-Ramírez, M. I. (2017) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2017.1369524 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Feliu‐Soler, A., Pérez‐Aranda, A., Andrés‐Rodríguez, L., Butjosa, A., Díaz, N. S., Trujols, J., Núñez, C., Stephan‐Otto, C., Rozadilla‐Sacanell, A., Serrano‐Blanco, A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research · doi:10.1111/jabr.12134 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
López-del-Hoyo, Y., Fernández-Martínez, S., Pérez-Aranda, A., Barceló-Soler, A., Guzman-Parra, J., Varela-Moreno, E., Campos, D., Monreal-Bartolomé, A., Beltrán-Ruiz, M., Moreno-Küstner, B., et al. (2022) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-022-01089-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Feliu-Soler, A., Martínez-Zalacaín, I., Pérez-Aranda, A., Borràs, X., Andrés-Rodríguez, L., Sanabria-Mazo, J. P., Fayed, N., Stephan-Otto, C., Núñez, C., Soriano-Mas, C., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9020374 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“This scale is used worldwide for measuring perceived stress due to its adequate psychometric properties [35].”
MethodLópez-del-Hoyo, Y., Fernández-Martínez, S., Perez-Aranda, A., Monreal-Bartolomé, A., Barceló-Soler, A., Camarero-Grados, L., Armas-Landaeta, C., Guzmán-Parra, J., Carbonell, V., Campos, D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/59653 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Our study made use of the Spanish adaptation [41], and the PSS for our sample showed very high internal consistency ( α T1 =0.89 and α T2-T5 =0.91).”
InfluentialAsensio-Martínez, Á., Adame, L., Aguilar-Latorre, A., Millán, B., Domínguez-García, M., & Magallón-Botaya, R. (2024) · International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/10803548.2024.2358676 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“It consists of 14 items with a Likert response scale valued from 0 to 4, and a Cronbach’s α value of 0.81, with goodreliabilityandgoodconstructvalidity[46].”
Influential
- Authors
- Remor, E.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Remor, Eduardo
- ORCID
- Remor, Eduardo
- Venue
- The Spanish Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 86-93
- ISSN
- 1138-7416 (ISSN-L)
- 1988-2904
- OpenAlex
- W2109100439
- Cited by
- 1,003
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 87 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 14.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- revistas.ucm.es
- Locations
- The Spanish Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Complutensian Scientific Journals (Complutense University of Madrid) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Health and Well-being Studies
- Keywords
- Perceived Stress Scale, perceived stress, psychometric properties, Spanish translation, reliability statistics, validity, cross-cultural adaptation, stress appraisal
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sex Factors, Spain, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review