The DOI matches its Crossref record; 198 of the 199 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fibromyalgia: Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Classification, Pharmacotherapy and Alternative Remedies
Open accessAbstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome that does not present a well-defined underlying organic disease. FM is a condition which has been associated with diseases such as infections, diabetes, psychiatric or neurological disorders, rheumatic pathologies, and is a disorder that rather than diagnosis of exclusion requires positive diagnosis. A multidimensional approach is required for the management of FM, including pain management, pharmacological therapies, behavioral therapy, patient education, and exercise. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in classification criteria and diagnostic criteria for FM as well as to explore pharmacotherapy and the use of alternative therapies including the use of plant bioactive molecules.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Fourth, it is compliant with the generally poor efficacies of drugs currently used in FM therapy, but also with the relatively higher efficacy of gabapentinoids [7,140].”
From Fibromyalgia pathogenesis explained by a neuroendocrine multistable model (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Janzen, T. B., Paneduro, D., Picard, L. M., GORDON, A. S., & Bartel, L. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212021 · Cited by 12
RetractedThe american college of rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia
Wolfe, F., Smythe, H. A., Yunus, M. B., Bennett, R. M., Bombardier, C., Goldenberg, D. L., Tugwell, P., Campbell, S. M., Abeles, M., Clark, P., et al. (1990) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780330203 · Cited by 9,563
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids
Munro, S., Thomas, K. L., & Abu-Shaar, M. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365061a0 · Cited by 5,092
Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour
Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3346 · Cited by 4,572
Treede, R.-D., Rief, W., Barke, A., Aziz, Q., Bennett, M. I., Benoliel, R., Cohen, M., Evers, S., Finnerup, N. B., First, M. B., et al. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001384 · Cited by 3,478
2016 revisions to the 2010/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria
Wolfe, F., Clauw, D. J., Fitzcharles, M.-A., Goldenberg, D. L., Häuser, W., Katz, R. L., Mease, P. J., Russell, A. S., Russell, I. J., & Walitt, B. (2016) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012 · Cited by 2,232
The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy
Pacher, P., Bátkai, S., & Kunos, G. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.3.2 · Cited by 2,077
Gut/brain axis and the microbiota
Mayer, E. A., Tillisch, K., & Gupta, A. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci76304 · Cited by 1,503
WOLFE, F., CLAUW, D. J., FITZCHARLES, M.-A., GOLDENBERG, D. L., HÄUSER, W., KATZ, R. S., MEASE, P., RUSSELL, A. S., RUSSELL, I. J., & WINFIELD, J. B. (2011) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.100594 · Cited by 1,499
Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid.
Gertsch, J., Leonti, M., Raduner, S., Racz, I., Chen, J.-Z., Xie, X.-Q., Altmann, K.-H., Karsak, M., & Zimmer, A. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0803601105 · Cited by 906
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 199 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Gur, 2006, Low dose of tramadol in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: A controlled clinical trial versus placebo, Ann. Rheum. Dis., 65, 556
- Borchardt, 1996, Myrrh: An analgesic with a 4000-year history, Drug News Perspect., 9, 554
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–150 of 150
Barbosa‐Torres, C., Bueso‐Izquierdo, N., & Delgado, S. C. (2022) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-022-01422-8 · Cited by 1
Fibromialgia e disfunção temporomandibular: uma revisão de escopo
Bosco, T. D., Torres, I. L. D. S., Stein, D. J., & de Oliveira, F. F. (2023) · Clinical & Biomedical Research · doi:10.22491/2357-9730.128039 · Cited by 3
A Patient with a History of Fibromyalgia Reports for an Intraoral Incisional Biopsy
Kulkarni, R., & Akintoye, S. O. (2023) · Dental Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cden.2023.06.002 · Cited by 1
Effect of Steroids on Patients With Fibromyalgia/Chromic Widespread Pain: An Observational Study
Gurunathan, O. S., Eswaradass, C., Thirunavukkarasu, S., Thermalingem, S., & Eswaradass, P. V. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.53736 · Cited by 1
Effects of Diathermy on Pain in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Úbeda-D’Ocasar, E., González-Gerstner, D., Cimadevilla-Fernández-Pola, E., Ojedo‐Martín, C., Hernández-Lougedo, J., & Hervás-Pérez, J. P. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12071465 · Cited by 1
Triantafyllias, K., Balaklytska, V., Sauer, C., Dreher, M., & Schwarting, A. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie · doi:10.1007/s00393-024-01568-x · Cited by 1
Dialogando sobre práticas integrativas e complementares para trabalhadores da saúde com fibromialgia
André, R. H. D. S., Valente, G. S. C., & André, K. M. (2022) · Enfermagem Brasil · doi:10.33233/eb.v21i2.4872 · Cited by 1
El Cannabis como tratamiento alternativo en pacientes con Fibromialgia
Aguinsaca, K. F. P., Molina, E. P. A., Hernández, J. P. C., Romero, M. A. C., Reinoso, S. A. O., & Sarmiento, C. E. S. (2023) · Brazilian Journal of Health Review · doi:10.34119/bjhrv6n1-047 · Cited by 1
Prevalence, Diagnostic Challenges and Management of Fibromyalgia
Baoum, S. O., AlShaikh, S., Albaqsh, N., AlAmry, S., AlHussain, M., Almehmadi, A., Al-Asmari, Y. A., Albeetar, W. M., Azi, N., Alkathiri, O., et al. (2023) · Journal of Healthcare Sciences · doi:10.52533/johs.2023.30108 · Cited by 1
Sanchís-Soler, G., García-Jaén, M., Sebastiá-Amat, S., & Cortell-Tormo, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Physical Education and Sport · doi:10.7752/jpes.2021.s3270 · Cited by 1
Perspectivas do manejo terapêutico em pacientes com fibromialgia: uma revisão integrativa
Montenegro, M. L., Veloso, B. M., Tibério, L. D. V., Andrade, L. G., Rosi, M. E. A., Freire, M. R. S. D., Juliatti, M. P., Oliveira, N., da Silva, R. P., & Veloso, T. M. (2021) · Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde · doi:10.25248/reas.e7926.2021
Potential Significance of Altered Spinal Excitability in Patients With Primary Fibromyalgia
Önder, H. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2021.17.4.602
de Aguiar, G. B., Bloot, T. K., Pilonetto, A. E. R., Azevedo, M. R. B., Artioli, D. P., & Bertolini, G. R. F. (2022) · Muscles Ligaments and Tendons Journal · doi:10.32098/mltj.02.2022.13
Variante no gene receptor da vitamina D e sua relação com a fibromialgia
Zanatta, G., MULLER, L. C., Sella, A. L. B. G., & Poli‐Frederico, R. C. (2022) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i8.30984
Thoracic outlet syndrome in the рediatric and аdolescent рopulations
Сергеевна, Д. Е., Mukhambetalieva, I. K., Zavadenko, N. N., & Сергеевич, Д. Д. (2022) · Russian neurological Journal · doi:10.30629/2658-7947-2022-27-4-16-26
Fibromialgija – sindrom kronične generalizirane boli – prikaz slučaja
Zahirović, N., Schnurrer-Luke-Vrbanić, T., Buršić, M., Šegota, A., & Avancini–Dobrović, V. (2022) · Medicina Fluminensis · doi:10.21860/medflum2022_284702
Fibromyalgia in the light of different methods of treatment
Szota, M., Modlińska, A., Rogacka, K., & Kędziora–Kornatowska, K. (2022) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2022.12.12.050
Ikeda, K., FUJITA, N., Matsuno, S., Takai, N., KANEKO, M., Miki, K., & Senba, E. (2022) · Rigakuryoho Kagaku · doi:10.1589/rika.37.593
Robles, V. R., Bugueño, J. A., Fernández, A. T., Villavicencio, C. M., Bustamante, A. B., & Subiabre, M. S. (2022) · ARS MEDICA Revista de Ciencias Médicas · doi:10.11565/arsmed.v47i4.1863 · Cited by 3
Doenças reumatológicas desenvolvidas após infecção por Sars-Cov-2 em Araguari-MG
Pereira, C. A. A. D. A., de Lima, C. N., de Paulo, M. R., da Paixão, M. R. S., Júnior, D. D. B., Alves, A. M. P., & Gomes, C. M. F. (2022) · Brazilian Journal of Health Review · doi:10.34119/bjhrv5n5-270
Ramos, M. L. C. D. C., Silveira, L. T., Vieira, M. E. S. V. N. D. C., Barreto, N. A., Debbo, A., de Oliveira, L. A. R. P., Lima, D. C., & Batista, J. F. C. (2023) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v12i5.41490
Neuropsychiatric Factors Involved in the Development of Fibromyalgia: A Literature Review
Gómez, M. I. (2023) · Orthopedics and Rheumatology Open Access Journal · doi:10.19080/oroaj.2023.22.556078
Association between fibromyalgia and osteoporosis
Giannakopoulou, M. (2023) · Journal of Research and Practice on the Musculoskeletal System · doi:10.22540/jrpms-07-119
Kulshreshtha, P., Neyaz, O., Begum, S., Yadav, R. K., & Deepak, K. K. (2024) · Journal of Medical Evidence · doi:10.4103/jme.jme_102_23
The relationship between fibromyalgia syndrome and inflammation parameters in hemodialysis patients
Şirali, S. K., & Büberci, R. (2024) · The European Research Journal · doi:10.18621/eurj.1361155
Krawczyk-Suszek, M., Grabka, R., Babula, M., & Martowska, B. (2023) · Journal of Health Study and Medicine · doi:10.2478/jhsm-2023-0014
Treatment of fibromyalgia among patients with mastalgia and fibromyalgia improved mastalgia
Yılmaz, T. U. (2024) · Ağrı - The Journal of The Turkish Society of Algology · doi:10.14744/agri.2022.58219 · Cited by 1
Fibromyalgia: recent concepts and treatments
Jacob, M. T. R. J., & Milani, B. J. J. (2024) · International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.15406/ipmrj.2024.09.00367
Effectiveness of Dry Needling and Stretching in Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Yasmin, S., Ilahi, N., Naz, S., Mustafa, H., Shams, A., Fatima, K., Najeeb, M., Javed, A. T., & Fatima, A. (2024) · Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research · doi:10.61919/jhrr.v4iicic1.1100
Ohta, R., Naito, Y., & Sano, C. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.63321
Mahiques, A. G., Martínez-Soler, M., Blanco-Gímenez, P., & Mampel, J. V. (2025) · Fisioterapia · doi:10.1016/j.ft.2024.11.003
Treatment of Fibromyalgia - duloxetine or pregabalin?
Bujak, M., Rulewska, N. M., Grabowski, F., Siemko, J., Neska, D., Prystacka-Szar, D., Stadler-Szajda, J., Czyżnikiewicz, A., Stołowski, W., & Waśniowska, M. (2025) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2025.80.57856 · Cited by 1
Secondary analysis of GenRED data (Genetics of Recurrent Early-Onset major Depression) using MERLIN
Amin, M., & Gragnoli, C. (2025) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-025-02014-y
The Essential Fibromyalgia Toolkit: A One-Page Guide
Chambers, Y. (2025) · doi:10.33590/rheumatolamj/dpfc1028
Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous System Dysfunction and Monitoring
DePace, N. L., Soloway, S., Yayac, M. F., & Colombo, J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88769-7_13
Torres, A. A., Cordeiro, B. N. D. L., Miyamoto, S. T., Gava, P. L., Pestana, A. B. C., Valim, V., Gomes, G. P. D. O., Vidal, P. R., Kuster, E., Rocha, J. V. D. S., et al. (2025) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-09150-9
Auriculotherapy Treatment in Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Trial
Michel-Cherqui, M., Ma, S., Székély, B., Guen, M. L., Lemaire, N., & Fischler, M. (2025) · Medical Acupuncture · doi:10.1177/19336586251405960
Kranke, D. A., & Kranke, B. O. (2026) · Social Work in Public Health · doi:10.1080/19371918.2026.2617235
Hojda, A., Bednarek, F., Plinta, O., Nawrocka, N., Rodak, H., Małajewicz, I., Pietrzyk, M., Stępień, D., & Oskroba, K. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4751
Garncarz, K., Marek, A., Jamroch, K., Dziki, K., Dybizbańska, W., Nowakowska, Z., Burzej, A., Kacalak, M., Komenda, M., & Szklarska-Komenda, J. (2025) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.4(48).2025.4421
Albay, S., Salar, S., & Ekici, G. (2026) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2026.051431
Incorporating a Strengths-Based Approach to the Treatment of Fibromyalgia
Kranke, D. A., & Kranke, B. O. (2026) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/swag018
Ahmad, F. M., Mutairi, M. A., & Fadhli, M. A. (2026) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-026-14587-y
Oliveira, S. F., & das Neves, M. A. (2026) · RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar · doi:10.47820/recima21.v7i6.8047
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Comorbidities of Primary Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Alosta, S., Fataftah, N., Makhamreh, M. F., shaker, I. A., Al-Amoudi, R., Atawneh, S., & Khdour, Y. F. (2026) · INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing · doi:10.1177/00469580261452225
Kim, H. S., Nam, Y., Sohn, J. E., & Noh, G. (2026) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.73248
Poornima, R., Abirami, M., Boopalan, D., Maveeran, M., Arunthathi, R., Lakshmi, K. S., & Maheshkumar, K. (2026) · Advances in Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.aimed.2026.100718
Ayurvedic management of fibromyalgia in elderly women: A case report
Varghese, K., Namboothiri, K. P., Unnikrishnan, V. C., Balakrishnan, K. P., Vikraman, A. I., & Santharajan, V. R. (2026) · Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences · doi:10.4103/jras.jras_228_24
Obando-Obando, E. J., Velilla-Echeverri, D. C., & Benavides‐Cruz, J. (2026) · Revista Mexicana de Anestesiología · doi:10.35366/124487
Musculoskeletal Orofacial Pain Disorders
Conti, P. C. R., Zagury, J. G., & Pertes, R. A. (2026) · Dental Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cden.2026.08.006
Metadata
- Authors
- Maffei, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Turin (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Maffei, Massimo E.
- ORCID
- Maffei, Massimo E.
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-10-23
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 7877
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7660651
- OpenAlex
- W3094598346
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 199
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Myofascial pain diagnosis and treatment
- Keywords
- fibromyalgia, diagnostic criteria, classification criteria, pharmacotherapy, complementary and alternative medicine, pain management, behavior therapy, physical activity, comorbidities
- MeSH terms
- Complementary Therapies, Behavior Therapy, Combined Modality Therapy, Exercise Therapy, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Patient Education as Topic, Pain Management, Phytochemicals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
