Asthma in the Precision Medicine Era: Biologics and Probiotics
Open accessAbstract
Asthma is a major global health issue. Over 300 million people worldwide suffer from this chronic inflammatory airway disease. Typical clinical symptoms of asthma are characterized by a recurrent wheezy cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. The main goals of asthma management are to alleviate asthma symptoms, reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations, and minimize long-term medicinal adverse effects. However, currently available type 2 T helper cells (Th2)-directed treatments are often ineffective due to the heterogeneity of the asthma subgroups, which manifests clinically with variable and poor treatment responses. Personalized precision therapy of asthma according to individualized clinical characteristics (phenotype) and laboratory biomarkers (endotype) is the future prospect. This mini review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma pathogenesis, including the hot sought-after topic of microbiota, add-on therapies and the potential application of probiotics in the management of asthma.
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Clinical efficacy of probiotics for allergic diseases is inconsistent due to substantial interindividual variability in lifestyle, microbiome composition, health status, gender, and age.
“Although in vitro and in vivo studies suggest potential benefits, clinical efficacy is inconsistent due to substantial interindividual variability in lifestyle, microbiome composition, health status, gender, and age [89,90,91].”
From Current Concepts in Probiotic Safety and Efficacy (2026) · cites this paper as [90]
Section 6.5.1 (page unavailable) reports mixed outcomes in probiotic trials for asthma prevention and control, supporting the claim of inconsistent clinical efficacy in that setting. It does not attribute those outcomes to the listed differences in lifestyle, microbiome composition, health status, gender, and age. Section 6.4 discusses possible cohort differences, but in relation to non-concordant microbiota findings rather than probiotic trial efficacy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Current Concepts in Probiotic Safety and Efficacy
Churin, A. A., Sokolyanskaya, L. O., Lukina, A. P., & Karnachuk, O. V. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18040696 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chiu, C.-J., & Huang, M.-T.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Miao-Tzu
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-04-26
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 4528
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8123613
- OpenAlex
- W3159126992
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 168
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 108-2321-B-002-057-MY3 and MOST 109-2314-B-002-136-MY3)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational exposure and asthma
- Keywords
- asthma, precision medicine, biologics, probiotics, asthma endotypes, asthma phenotypes, type 2 inflammation, Th2 cells, gut microbiota, asthma pathogenesis, asthma exacerbations, personalized asthma therapy
- MeSH terms
- Asthma, Biological Products, Humans, Phenotype, Biomarkers, Th2 Cells, Probiotics, Precision Medicine, Microbiota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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