Chlorin E6-Curcumin-Mediated photodynamic therapy promotes an anti-photoaging effect in UVB-irradiated fibroblasts
Open accessAbstract
Skin photoaging due to ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Chlorin e6-photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT), in addition to being the first-line treatment for malignancies, has been shown to lessen skin photoaging, while curcumin is well known for reducing the deleterious effects of ROS. In the current study, PDT with three novel Ce6-curcumin derivatives, a combination of Ce6 and curcumin with various linkers, including propane-1,3-diamine for Ce6-propane-curcumin; hexane-1,6-diamine for Ce6-hexane-curcumin; and 3,3'-((oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propan-1-amine) for Ce6-dipolyethylene glycol (diPEG)-curcumin, were studied for regulation of UVB-induced photoaging on human skin fibroblast (Hs68) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (BALB/c 3T3) cells. We assessed the antiphotoaging effects of Ce6-curcumin derivatives on cell viability, antioxidant activity, the mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and 2 (MMP-2) expression, and collagen synthesis in UVB-irradiated in vitro models. All three Ce6-curcumin derivatives were found to be non-phototoxic in the neutral red uptake phototoxicity test. We found that Ce6-hexane-curcumin-PDT and Ce6-propane-curcumin-associated PDT exhibited less cytotoxicity in Hs68 and BALB/c 3T3 fibroblast cell lines compared to Ce6-diPEG-curcumin-PDT. Ce6-diPEG-curcumin and Ce6-propane-curcumin-associated PDT showed superior antioxidant activity in Hs68 cell lines. Further, in UVB-irradiated in vitro models, the Ce6-diPEG-curcumin-PDT greatly attenuated the expression levels of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by blocking mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (NF-κB) signaling. Moreover, Ce6-diPEG-curcumin effectively inhibited inflammatory molecules, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, while accelerating collagen synthesis. These results demonstrate that Ce6-diPEG-curcumin may be a potential therapy for treating skin photoaging.
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SAHA reduces NF-κB-related signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines in UVB-induced photoaging models, thereby limiting tissue inflammation.
“In UVB-induced photoaging models, SAHA reduces NF-κB–related signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby limiting tissue inflammation (Magar et al., 2023; Hu et al., 2022).”
From Histone modifications and depression: epigenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and translational outlook (2026) · cites this paper as Magar et al., 2023
The Results (§§2.7–2.8; page unavailable) report reduced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and TNF-α levels in UVB-irradiated fibroblasts, but the treatment was Ce6-curcumin-derivative photodynamic therapy, not SAHA. Our copy does not establish that SAHA has these effects or that tissue inflammation was measured. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Thapa Magar, T. B., Mallik, S. K., Gurung, P., Lim, J., Kim, Y.-T., Shrestha, R., & Kim, Y.-W.
- Affiliations
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Bio Pharm Dongsung (South Korea) (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Yong-Wan
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-08-30
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 13468
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10487708
- OpenAlex
- W4386284345
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of SMEs and Startups (MSS, South Korea) (S3034405)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Keywords
- chlorin e6, curcumin, photodynamic therapy, photoaging, UVB irradiation, dermal fibroblasts, reactive oxygen species, MMP-1, MMP-2, collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, NF-κB signaling, MAPK signaling, AP-1, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, phototoxicity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Chlorophyllides, Collagen, Curcumin, Fibroblasts, Glycols, Hexanes, Humans, Photochemotherapy, Propane, Reactive Oxygen Species, Dermatitis, Phototoxic, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, Mice
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