Pathways Linking the Big Five to Psychological Distress: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Stress Mindset and Coping Flexibility
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Personality affects the vulnerability to the emotional symptoms of depression and anxiety. This study investigated whether stress mindset (general belief about the nature of stress) and coping flexibility (the ability to terminate ineffective coping strategies and adopt alternative ones) mediate the relations of the Big Five personality traits to psychological distress. A total of 260 undergraduate students (60.4% female) in Singapore completed self-reported questionnaires. A series of path analyses was performed. Firstly, a dual-pathway model of stress coping was established, which consisted of (a) a stress–threat–distress pathway where a stress-is-a-threat mindset mediated the association between stressful experiences and psychological distress and (b) a challenge–flexibility–enhancement pathway where coping flexibility mediated the relation of a stress-is-a-challenge mindset to a lower level of psychological distress, without being influenced by stressful experiences. Furthermore, Neuroticism was associated with the stress–threat–distress pathway, with stressful experiences and a stress-is-a-treat mindset mediating the relation of Neuroticism to psychological distress. Conscientiousness was associated with the challenge–flexibility–enhancement pathway, with a stress-is-a-challenge mindset and coping flexibility mediating the relation of Conscientiousness to less psychological distress. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness were directly associated with greater coping flexibility. The findings enrich the literature on personality and stress coping and inform future interventions to promote mental health.
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Agreeableness and conscientiousness were positively associated with stress.
“Agreeableness and conscientiousness were positively associated with stress [60].”
From Impact of Stress during COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Study on Dispositional and Behavioral Dimensions for Supporting Evidence-Based Targeted Strategies (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
The Preliminary Analysis (Section 3.1) says Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were not related to perceived stressful experiences. They were positively correlated with a stress-is-a-challenge mindset, which is different from being positively associated with stress. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Fear of Falling at Everyday Thresholds Among Older Nigerian Adults: An Interpretive Description
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Kopańska, M., Ochojska, D., Leśnicka, P., Sarzyńska, I., Przednówek, K., & Podgórski, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1890043
Wang, J., Liu, Z., Zhao, B., & Shu, L. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107997
Valentine Joseph Owan, P. D., Adah, M. A., Adieme, F. G., Igu, N. C. N., Aduma, P. O., & Elechi, C. N. (2026) · The Hungarian Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1556/063.2026.00506
- Authors
- Chen, L., Qu, L., & Hong, R. Y.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Luxi
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-04-19
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2272
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9105170
- OpenAlex
- W4224288510
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 9.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- Big Five personality traits, psychological distress, stress mindset, coping flexibility, neuroticism, conscientiousness, stressful experiences, mediation, mental health promotion, university students
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