Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis.

Connor-Smith, Jennifer K.; Flachsbart, Celeste

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080

Cited by 1,453Personality Traits and PsychologyPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyOptimism, Hope, and Well-being

Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis.

Connor-Smith, Jennifer K., Flachsbart, Celeste·2007·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080

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Abstract

Personality may directly facilitate or constrain coping, but relations of personality to coping have been inconsistent across studies, suggesting a need for greater attention to methods and samples. This meta-analysis tested moderators of relations between Big Five personality traits and coping using 2,653 effect sizes drawn from 165 samples and 33,094 participants. Personality was weakly related to broad coping (e.g., Engagement or Disengagement), but all 5 traits predicted specific strategies. Extraversion and Conscientiousness predicted more problem-solving and cognitive restructuring, Neuroticism less. Neuroticism predicted problematic strategies like wishful thinking, withdrawal, and emotion-focused coping but, like Extraversion, also predicted support seeking. Personality more strongly predicted coping in young samples, stressed samples, and samples reporting dispositional rather than situation-specific coping. Daily versus retrospective coping reports and self-selected versus researcher-selected stressors also moderated relations between personality and coping. Cross-cultural differences were present, and ethnically diverse samples showed more protective effects of personality. Richer understanding of the role of personality in the coping process requires assessment of personality facets and specific coping strategies, use of laboratory and daily report studies, and multivariate analyses.

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Individuals high in neuroticism are more likely to perceive ambiguous situations as threatening, are more reactive to social stressors, and more sensitive to possible social rejection.
“Individuals high in neuroticism are more likely to perceive ambiguous situations as threatening, are more reactive to social stressors (Connor-Smith & Flachsbart, 2007; Vollrath, 2001), and more sensitive to possible social rejection”
From Adolescent Loneliness and Negative Affect during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Extraversion and Neuroticism (2023) · cites this paper as Connor-Smith & Flachsbart, 2007
NNE is linked with multiple forms of maladaptive coping, including inaction, avoidance, and impulsivity.
“NNE is linked with multiple forms of maladaptive coping, including inaction, avoidance, and impulsivity (42, 44–46).”
From Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
The use of coping strategies is influenced by situational demands, environmental and cultural aspects, personal characters, individuals' ability to tolerate uncertainty, and personality traits.
“The vast literature on this topic revealed that the use of coping strategies is influenced by many variables, among which are situational demands, environmental and cultural aspects, personal characters [63], as well as individuals’ ability to tolerate uncertainty [59], and personality traits [69,70,71].”
From Associations between Personality Traits, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Coping Strategies, and Stress in Italian Frontline and Non-Frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Multi-Group Path-Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [69]
Maladaptive personality traits (e.g., neuroticism) positively correlate with emotion-focused and avoidant (dysfunctional) coping strategies, whereas extraversion positively correlates with problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies.
“For example, according to Leandro and Castillo [70], and Afshar et al. [71], maladaptive personality traits (e.g., neuroticism) positively correlate with emotion-focused and avoidant (dysfunctional) coping strategies; on the contrary, extraversion positively correlates with problem-focused and emotional-focused strategies [69].”
From Associations between Personality Traits, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Coping Strategies, and Stress in Italian Frontline and Non-Frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Multi-Group Path-Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [69]

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Peeling Back the Onion: Personality, Problem Solving, and Career Decision-Making Style Correlates of Career Indecision
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Coping as a Moderator of Relations Between Reactivity to Interpersonal Stress, Health Status, and Internalizing Problems
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Predicting Occupational Strain and Job Satisfaction: The Role of Stress, Coping, Personality, and Affectivity Variables
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Styles of information seeking under threat: Personal and situational aspects of monitoring and blunting
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Life stress, physiological and subjective indexes of negative emotionality, and coping reasons for drinking: Is there evidence for a self-medication model of alcohol use?
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Coping and responses to stress in Navajo adolescents: Psychometric properties of the Responses to Stress Questionnaire
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Big Five or Big Two? Superordinate factors in the NEO Five Factor Inventory and the Antisocial Personality Questionnaire
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Personality and stress coping
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Personality predictors of loneliness
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Optimism and neuroticism as predictors of coping and adaptation in older women
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Personality as long-term predictor of coping
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Engagement and Self-Control: Superordinate dimensions of Big Five traits
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Relationship between Stress Coping and Personality in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
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The State-Trait Depression Scales: An International Comparison
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Coping and Personality as Predictors of Post-Traumatic Intrusions, Numbing, Avoidance and General Distress: A Study of Victims of the Perth Flood
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The concept and status of trait in research on temperament
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Personality as a Predictor of Coping Efforts in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
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The effectiveness of coping meta-strategies: perceived eficiency, emotional correlates and cognitiveperformance
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The structure and properties of the Estonian COPE inventory
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A Comprehensive Model of Stress
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Examining an Affect Regulation Model of Substance Abuse in Schizophrenia
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Personality Correlates of Self-Appraised Problem Solving Ability: Problem Orientation and Trait Affectivity
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Locus of control, neuroticism, and stressors: Combined influences on reported physical illness
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Personality, stress, and coping: Some lessons from a decade of research.
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The vulnerability status of neuroticism: over-reporting or genuine complaints?
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Neuroticism, coping strategies, and negative well-being among caregivers.
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Coping and Personality: Third Time's the Charm?
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A comparative study of two taxonomies of coping styles, personality and sex
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Strategies of Jealousy: Styles of Coping with Extramarital Involvement of the Spouse
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Personality and Coping: A Study of Twins Reared Apart and Twins Reared Together
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Neuroticism, coping and change in MCMI‐II clinical syndromes: test of a mediator model
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Two further studies of personality correlates of driver stress
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Monitoring and blunting coping styles: The Miller behavioural style scale and its correlates, and the development of an alternative questionnaire
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Personality and coping among congestive heart failure patients
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Neuroticism, Mood, and Retrieval of Negative Personal Memories
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Coping with political violence in Northern Ireland
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Coping Styles in Delinquent Adolescents and Controls: The Role of Personality and Parental Rearing
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Staff who Work with People who have Intellectual Disabilities: The Importance of Personality
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An examination of the construct validity of coping dispositions for a sample of recently divorced mothers.
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Personal coping resources and sex differences
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The limitations of extracting typologies from trait measures of personality
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Neuroticism, coping strategies, and negative well-being among caregivers.
Patrick, J. H., & Hayden, J. M. (1999) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.14.2.273 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Factor structure of the Coping Inventory for Competitive Sport with a sample of participants at the 2001 New York marathon
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The relationship between Eysenck's personality traits, coping styles and moods
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Psychosocial factors and male seminal parameters
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Ways of coping, personality, age, sex and family structural variables
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Personality, Appraisal and Cognitive Coping Processes, and Performance During Various Conditions of Stress
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Personality Correlates of Coping with Military Basic Training
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Recovery from minor abdominal surgery: A preliminary attempt to separate anxiety and coping
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Review of Psychology.
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Coping and adjustment of spouses of critically ill patients with cardiac disease.
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Neuroticism and coping with anger: The trans-situational consistency of coping responses
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The sources of stress and coping styles as mediators and moderators of the relationship between personality traits and physical symptoms
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Revisiting the factor structure of the ways of coping checklist: A three-dimensional view of the problem-focused coping scale. A study among norwegian physicians
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The measurement of coping in achievement situations: an international comparison
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Haren, E. G., & Mitchell, C. W. (2003) · Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University) · Cited by 21 · see citing works

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Authors: Connor-Smith, J. K., & Flachsbart, C.
Affiliations: Oregon State University (US)
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2007-12
Volume: 93
Issue: 6
Pages: 1080-1107
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080
OpenAlex: W2005031884
Cited by: 1,453
References: 215
Citations by year: 2026: 80 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 129 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 89 · 2017: 81 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 94
FWCI: 28.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Commons - George Fox University (George Fox University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Keywords: personality, coping, Big Five personality traits, extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, problem solving, cognitive restructuring, emotion-focused coping, support seeking, wishful thinking, withdrawal, stress, moderators, cross-cultural comparison, dispositional coping
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Personality

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Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis.

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