Replicative Aging in Pathogenic Fungi
Open accessAbstract
Candida albicans, Candida auris, Candida glabrata, and Cryptococcus neoformans are pathogenic yeasts which can cause systemic infections in immune-compromised as well as immune-competent individuals. These yeasts undergo replicative aging analogous to a process first described in the nonpathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The hallmark of replicative aging is the asymmetric cell division of mother yeast cells that leads to the production of a phenotypically distinct daughter cell. Several techniques to study aging that have been pioneered in S. cerevisiae have been adapted to study aging in other pathogenic yeasts. The studies indicate that aging is relevant for virulence in pathogenic fungi. As the mother yeast cell progressively ages, every ensuing asymmetric cell division leads to striking phenotypic changes, which results in increased antifungal and antiphagocytic resistance. This review summarizes the various techniques that are used to study replicative aging in pathogenic fungi along with their limitations. Additionally, the review summarizes some key phenotypic variations that have been identified and are associated with changes in virulence or resistance and thus promote persistence of older cells.
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Replicative ageing in many fungal pathogens leads to significant changes that affect fungal resistance to phagocytic clearance and antifungal therapy.
“Several studies showed that replicative ageing in many fungal pathogens leads to significant changes that affect the fungal resistance to phagocytic clearance and antifungal therapy [75].”
From Candida glabrata: pathogenicity and resistance mechanisms for adaptation and survival (2021) · cites this paper as [75]
Old cells emerge because of neutrophil pressure in the environment that favours killing of young fungal cells and promotion of persistence of old cells.
“The old cells only emerge because of neutrophil pressure in the environment that favour the killing of young fungal cells and the promotion of the persistence of old cells [75].”
From Candida glabrata: pathogenicity and resistance mechanisms for adaptation and survival (2021) · cites this paper as [75]
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- Authors
- Bhattacharya, S., Bouklas, T., & Fries, B. C.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- SUNY Old Westbury (US)
- Northport VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bhattacharya, Somanon
- Venue
- Journal of Fungi
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-12-25
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6
- ISSN
- 2309-608X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7824483
- OpenAlex
- W3114181470
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 0.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Fungi (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Instititues of Health (1R01AI127704- 01A1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Keywords
- replicative senescence, pathogenic yeasts, Candida albicans, Candida auris, Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, asymmetric cell division, mother-daughter cell asymmetry, virulence, antifungal resistance, immune evasion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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