Cited by 173Plant biochemistry and biosynthesisMicrobial Metabolic Engineering and BioproductionMicrobial Natural Products and Biosynthesis

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Terpenoids and Their Biosynthesis in Cyanobacteria

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Abstract

Terpenoids, or isoprenoids, are a family of compounds with great structural diversity which are essential for all living organisms. In cyanobacteria, they are synthesized from the methylerythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway, using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate produced by photosynthesis as substrates. The products of the MEP pathway are the isomeric five-carbon compounds isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, which in turn form the basic building blocks for formation of all terpenoids. Many terpenoid compounds have useful properties and are of interest in the fields of pharmaceuticals and nutrition, and even potentially as future biofuels. The MEP pathway, its function and regulation, and the subsequent formation of terpenoids have not been fully elucidated in cyanobacteria, despite its relevance for biotechnological applications. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge about cyanobacterial terpenoid biosynthesis, both regarding the native metabolism and regarding metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria for heterologous production of non-native terpenoids.

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Crossref · 10.3390/life5010269

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Figure 1 Proposed terpenoid biosynthesis via the methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in cyanobacteria. Abbreviations: Pyr: Pyruvate; GAP: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; DXP: 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate; MEP: methylerythritol-4-phosphate; CDP-ME: 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol; CDP-MEP: 2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol; MEcDP: 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate; HMBDP: 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyldiphosphate synthase; IDP: isopentenyl diphosphate; DMADP: dimethylallyl diphosphate; GDP: geranyl diphosphate; FDP: farnesyl diphosphate; GGDP: geranylgeranyl diphosphate; DXS: 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase; DXR: 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; MCT: 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase; CMK: 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase; MDS: 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; HDS: 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate synthase; HDR: 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyldiphosphate reductase; IDI: isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; GDPS: geranyl diphosphate synthase; FDPS: farnesyl diphosphate synthase; GGDPS: geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; TPS: terpene synthase; CP450: cytochrome P450 monooxygenase.
Figure 1 Proposed terpenoid biosynthesis via the methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in cyanobacteria. Abbreviations: Pyr: Pyruvate; GAP: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; DXP: 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate; MEP: methylerythritol-4-phosphate; CDP-ME: 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol; CDP-MEP: 2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol; MEcDP: 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate; HMBDP: 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyldiphosphate synthase; IDP: isopentenyl diphosphate; DMADP: dimethylallyl diphosphate; GDP: geranyl diphosphate; FDP: farnesyl diphosphate; GGDP: geranylgeranyl diphosphate; DXS: 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase; DXR: 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; MCT: 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase; CMK: 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase; MDS: 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; HDS: 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate synthase; HDR: 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyldiphosphate reductase; IDI: isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; GDPS: geranyl diphosphate synthase; FDPS: farnesyl diphosphate synthase; GGDPS: geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; TPS: terpene synthase; CP450: cytochrome P450 monooxygenase.CC BY · PubMed Central

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  1. Ramawat, K.G., and Mérillon, J.-M. (2013). Natural Products, Springer. · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Pattanaik, B., & Lindberg, P.
Affiliations
Uppsala University (SE)
Corresponding author
Lindberg, Pia
Venue
Life
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2015-01-21
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
269-293
ISSN
2075-1729 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2058582378
Cited by
173
References
152
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4
FWCI
1.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Life (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning
  • Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
  • Energimyndigheten
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Keywords
terpenoids, cyanobacteria, methylerythritol phosphate pathway, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, dimethylallyl diphosphate, terpenoid biosynthesis, metabolic engineering, heterologous production, biofuels

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