Flexible Carbon Nanotube-Based Polymer Electrode for Long-Term Electrocardiographic Recording
Open accessAbstract
The long-term monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG) is critical for the accurate diagnosis and tracking of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the commercial Ag/AgCl electrode is not suitable for long-term monitoring due to skin allergies and signal degradation, caused by the conductive gel drying over time. In this paper, a flexible gel-free electrode, composed of a multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is proposed for long-term wearable ECG monitoring. To achieve uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in viscous PDMS, we developed a novel parallel solvent-assisted ultrasonic dispersion method, wherein the organic solvent n–Hexane served as a dispersion to avoid MWCNT aggregates. The properties of the MWCNT/PDMS electrode were assessed through structural characterization, contact impedance tests, ECG measurements, and biocompatibility tests. When the MWCNT weight fraction reached 5.5 wt%, the skin-electrode contact impedance of the MWCNT/PDMS electrode was lower than that of the Ag/AgCl electrode below 100 Hz. In daily ECG monitoring, the MWCNT/PDMS electrodes showed superior performance against motion artifact compared to the Ag/AgCl electrode. After seven days of wearing the MWCNT/PDMS electrode, ECG signals did not degrade and no side effects, such as skin redness and swelling, were observed. Thus, this electrode could enable long-term ECG monitoring in wearable healthcare systems.
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Previous work has shown the disadvantage of using gel electrodes for long durations.
“Previous work has already shown the disadvantage of using gel electrodes for long durations. [35,36]”
From A Chest‐Conformable, Wireless Electro‐Mechanical E‐Tattoo for Measuring Multiple Cardiac Time Intervals (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Chi, M., Zhao, J., Dong, Y., & Wang, X.
- Affiliations
- University Town of Shenzhen (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Dong, Ying
- Venue
- Materials
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-03-23
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 971
- ISSN
- 1996-1944 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6470748
- OpenAlex
- W2923735548
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Shenzhen Fundamental Research Funds ((JCYJ20150831192244849)
- Shenzhen Technology Research Funds (JSGG20170414094227487)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › ECG Monitoring and Analysis
- Keywords
- multi-walled carbon nanotubes, polydimethylsiloxane, flexible electrodes, ECG monitoring, ultrasonic dispersion, hexane solvent, motion artifacts, biocompatibility, cardiovascular disease monitoring
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