Building Materials Made of Wood Waste a Solution to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals

“One of the main functionalities of the VOSviewer software is the possibility of displaying bibliometric maps, thus making it quite easy to interpret the data [14].”

“The p sition of the journals on the map is given by their co-citatio frequency [12].”

“In the overall context of the research, the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, it is important not to solve a problem by using wood in the construction process and thereby create another problem, i.e., massive illegal deforestation.”

“The results of the keyword co-occurrence analysis indicate the most used keywords by the authors and can also indicate trends and patterns in the studied area [16,17].”

“The latest reports [3] show that there are delays in the achievement program.”

“In [66], it is shown that “conversion of abundant wood biomass into activated carbon can have several applications such as manufacturing of gas mask filter, drinking water filter bed, municipal wastewater treatment plant, treatment of dyes and metal-ions containing industrial effluent”.”

“The study in [32] explores this idea and analyzes the wood waste hierarchy framework in the European region.”

“In the construction industry, more and more studies [28,29] are adhering to this challenge and focusing on the development of various solutions to better use construction [30] and demolition waste [9,31].”

“The focus of this study was on wood waste, so studies such as [22,23], which deal with the same situations [24,25] but are focusing on food waste and sludge or rice straws, were not fully analyzed.”

“Considering that the unprecedented growth level of the modern society burdens the anthroposphere with serious resource supply risks and waste generation, the idea of a “circular economy” is starting to be more and more feasible, and the implementation of the three Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) is beginning to take shape…”

“Other ways of using wood waste is in the form of ash, which can be added to a mortar [38,39] or concrete mixture [40,41].”

“All of this has a serious environmental and social impact, and thus an urgent need arises to find green building materials that can help the achievement of sustainable development [5].”

“The thermal insulation properties of the wood products [52,53] are another topic addressed in the literature [54,55].”

“In [56], it is shown that the use of 5% date palm fibers in gypsum mix can contribute to the obtention of a composite material with good mechanical and thermal proprieties.”

“The focus of this study was on wood waste, so studies such as [22,23], which deal with the same situations [24,25] but are focusing on food waste and sludge or rice straws, were not fully analyzed.”

“The focus of this study was on wood waste, so studies such as [22,23], which deal with the same situations [24,25] but are focusing on food waste and sludge or rice straws, were not fully analyzed.”

“The use of biochar as a component in the concrete mixture is studied [44], and it is shown that, if used in an optimal percentage, the addition of biochar can have positive effect on the concrete and thus can help to develop the circular economy building material.”

“The results of the keyword co-occurrence analysis indicate the most used keywords by the authors and can also indicate trends and patterns in the studied area [16,17].”

“In the construction industry, more and more studies [28,29] are adhering to this challenge and focusing on the development of various solutions to better use construction [30] and demolition waste [9,31].”

“The European Commission report from 2020 [2] emphasizes the interconnection of the goals and highlights”

“The thermal insulation properties of the wood products [52,53] are another topic addressed in the literature [54,55].”

“The use of wood waste in the form of biochar is another large category of research [59].”

“Other studies, such as [26], take into consideration forest residues and agricultural wastes with the purpose of creating biomass.”

“word co-occurrence analysis also offers important insight regarding other rising topics related to the studied area [18].”

“In [33], it is stated that “the production of high-quality boards from alternative lignocellulosic raw materials is feasible and brings a series of ecological and economic benefits”.”

“The researchers in [42] state that “wood waste ash seems to be promising to use as pozzolanic partial replacement material for cement, with no strength loss and leading to enhanced durability and thus contributing to sustainable construction”.”

“The researchers [48] indicate that the use of waste wood is successful up to 50%, but above these limits, “the strand morphology is too heterogeneous to guarantee a good reinforcement”.”

“Particleboard can be obtained by using waste wood formwork, as shown in [34,35], and can be transformed into cement-bonded particleboard using MOC (magnesium oxide cement) as a green cementitious binder; thus, it presents a practical and eco-friendly management option for construction wood waste.”

“Other ways of using wood waste is in the form of ash, which can be added to a mortar [38,39] or concrete mixture [40,41].”

“The studies show good behavior and a multitude of uses for wood polymer products, but there is still a need to develop a more cost-effective fabrication process for the mass production of wood composites [67].”

“The new material Wood-Crete, developed by the researchers of [45], indicates the possibility of using wood waste and concrete products for in-fills for wall panels and hollow blocks or for thermal insulating material.”

“Particleboard can be obtained by using waste wood formwork, as shown in [34,35], and can be transformed into cement-bonded particleboard using MOC (magnesium oxide cement) as a green cementitious binder; thus, it presents a practical and eco-friendly management option for construction wood waste.”

“The transformation of agro industrial waste into building insulation material [27] is also analyzed.”

“The possibility of using low-density materials for thermal insulation is presented in [57].”

“The construction process implies the use of large quantities of natural resources, and at the same time, some of the construction products have a negative effect on the indoor environment and human health [6].”

“The incompatibility between wood and cement is analyzed by [49], and it is proven that “the alkaline hydrolysis was found as the most effective treatment for the suppression of inhibitory substances and the highest decrease on mechanical properties of resulting composites”.”

“The thermal insulation properties of the wood products [52,53] are another topic addressed in the literature [54,55].”

“The main aspects visualized in the keyword co-occurrence map are the occurrence of the keywords based on their prevalence and the evolution in time of their popularity [19,20].”

“The same conclusion of a proper and optimum ratio between cement and wood was observed in [51], where the researchers studied the possibility of using demolition waste in unfired bricks manufacturing.”

“Other ways of using wood waste is in the form of ash, which can be added to a mortar [38,39] or concrete mixture [40,41].”

“In [43], it is demonstrated that “the utilization of waste wood materials both in the form of wood powders and wood fibers provides a greener alternative for the waste recycling of industrial debris with respect to”

“them into pyrolytic gas, liquid bio-oil and solid activated carbon [64].”

“In [46], it is shown that “proper utilization of sawdust in concrete will conserve the environment by reducing the use of natural resources, reducing the volume of waste material, and reducing CO2 emissions”.”

“The focus of this study was on wood waste, so studies such as [22,23], which deal with the same situations [24,25] but are focusing on food waste and sludge or rice straws, were not fully analyzed.”

“Waste wood materials come from different sources, and one of the biggest problems is generated by the reuse of contaminated wood materials [63].”

“The use of various wastes in cementitious composite is studied by [58], which highlights the use of these products in the case of construction elements with low strength requirements and the necessity to use local waste in order to limit the quantity of energy used by transporting.”

“Other studies shows that the use of glued wood waste as a combustion material is very problematic but can be done in medium or large plants ”where with economic investments it is possible to design cutting-edge combustors” [65].”

“In [60,61], the importance of better using wood biomass as a renewable source of energy, as well as the implication of developing modern ways of production and utilization of woody biomass, is studied.”

“The thermal insulation properties of the wood products [52,53] are another topic addressed in the literature [54,55].”

“The study in [37] addresses the use of waste aggregate in gypsum mortars.”

“In the construction industry, more and more studies [28,29] are adhering to this challenge and focusing on the development of various solutions to better use construction [30] and demolition waste [9,31].”

“In the construction industry, more and more studies [28,29] are adhering to this challenge and focusing on the development of various solutions to better use construction [30] and demolition waste [9,31].”

“A solution to this problem is proposed by [50] by developing a model to calculate the competitive water uptake of natural strands (wood wool) and cement in wood–cement composites.”

“This means that it is a low-cost source of woody biomass [21] that makes it suitable Figure 6.”

“The combustion behavior of wood waste was studied in [62], and they underline that “waste wood seem to be suitable with combustion.”

“The main aspects visualized in the keyword co-occurrence map are the occurrence of the keywords based on their prevalence and the evolution in time of their popularity [19,20].”

“In [60,61], the importance of better using wood biomass as a renewable source of energy, as well as the implication of developing modern ways of production and utilization of woody biomass, is studied.”

“Other ways of using wood waste is in the form of ash, which can be added to a mortar [38,39] or concrete mixture [40,41].”

“The good properties of the wood wool–cement composite material are highlighted by [47], which shows that “the material presents excellent mechanical, chemical and biological properties.”

“Keyword co-occurrence analysis stands as an efficacious tool in bibliometric studies to grasp the body of knowledge of a designated research domain and pinpoint its trends, hot spots and frontiers [36,37].”

“The way in which the anatomical elements observable with the naked eye are grouped is called the macroscopic structure [5].”

“The wood aste from the mixed grade can al o be cl aned and reused, mostly by grinding and using it as raw material for panels, whereas the wood waste from the low grade, which cannot be cleaned in most cases, will be disposed in landfills [28].”

“Building materials made out of wood waste can be a good solution to achieve sustainable goals in the construction industry.(54) The direction of reusing wood waste as a building material is indicated in the trend topic plot also, where among the most used terms are words like “concrete”, “mechanical proprieties”, or “…”

“As an environment-friendly and renewable material with a wide range of raw materials, wood is widely used in construction, manufacturing, and other fields [1].”

“Humans have used wood construction materials from trees in every field since the first ages (Ahmed and Arocho, 2020; Maier, 2021).”

“Considering these predictions, it is expected that there will be more and more challenges in maintaining the balance between satisfying the increasingly numerous human needs and the requirements to protect the environment, including in achieving the goals of sustainable development [2].”

“The possibilities of using recycled materials and bio-waste to improve the thermal parameters of external walls were analysed in [32,33].”

“Wood waste is often available in abun - dance and at a low cost and can even be obtained for free (Maier, 2021).”

“In this direction, some researchers used the waste in production of building materials (Soni et al., 2022); for example, Kalombe et al. (2020) used fly ash to produce sustainable concrete, and Maier (2021) used wood waste to produce wood elements as building material for the building.”

“Fortunately, magnesium oxychloride cement bridges this gap, enhancing the strength of wood waste and making it a promising sustainable building material [26].”

“For this situation, natural plant fibrous materials have received considerable attention, which has been considered as an environmentalfriendly, fast-growing, locally available, and renewable resource materials (Maier 2021; Sharma, Jang, and Hu 2022).”

“By incorporating sustainable building materials, the construction industry can alleviate these pressures while promoting healthier and more sustainable buildings [36].”

“Therefore, various sustainable natural materials including hempcrete, woodcrete, and papercrete have been developed [23–25], and environmentally friendly, fast-growing, locally available, and renewable natural plant fibers have received considerable attention in the fabrication of composite [26–28].”

“| 19 wood waste has many potential directions towards future development, and if the immense treasure represented by the forests, and implicitly the wood, is used efficiently, it can be a good solution to the problem of sustainable development of society (Maier, 2021).”

“In the construction industry, a large amount of wood resources is used for building works, and this accounts for one-quarter of its wood harvest and about two-fifths of its material and energy flow (Maier, 2021; Ramage et al., 2017).”