Modeling and measurement of an ultrasound power delivery system for charging implantable devices using an ALN-based PMUT as receiver
Open accessAbstract
Ultrasound power delivery can be considered a convenient technique for charging implantable medical devices. In this work, an intra-body system has been modeled to characterize the phenomenon of ultrasound power transmission. The proposed system comprises a Langevin transducer as transmitter and an AlN-based square piezoelectric micro-machined ultrasonic transducer as receiver. The medium layers, in which elastic waves propagate, were made by polydimethylsiloxane to mimic human tissue and stainless steel to replace the case of the implantable device. To characterize the behavior of the transducers, measurements of impedance and phase, velocity and displacement, and acoustic pressure field were carried out in the experimental activity. Then, voltage and power output were measured to analyze the performance of the ultrasound power delivery system. For a root mean square voltage input of approximately 35 V, the power density resulted in 21.6 µW cm−2. Such a result corresponds to the data obtained with simulation through a one-dimensional lumped parameter transmission line model. The methodology proposed to develop the ultrasound power delivery (UPD) system, as well as the use of non-toxic materials for the fabrication of the intra-body elements, are a valid design approach to raise awareness of using wireless power transfer techniques for charging implantable devices.
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At elevated intensities, ultrasound can potentially cause localized heating depending on the tissue structure.
“At these elevated intensities, ultrasound can potentially cause localized heating depending on the tissue structure.”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Proto et al., 2022
The Introduction says ultrasound above 1 MHz may heat tissue if exposure is prolonged, supporting the possibility of heating. It does not say that heating is localized or depends on tissue structure, and it discusses frequency and exposure time rather than elevated intensity as the relevant conditions. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe risk of localized heating arises from the interaction of ultrasound waves with tissues, where vibration of molecules, especially in denser tissues, can lead to an increase in temperature.
“This risk arises from the interaction of ultrasound waves with tissues, where the vibration of molecules, especially in denser tissues, can lead to an increase in temperature (Tel Haar, 2011; Proto et al., 2022).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Proto et al., 2022
The Introduction says that ultrasound above 1 MHz can undergo greater attenuation and may heat tissues with prolonged exposure. It does not explain the heating as molecular vibration or say that denser tissues are especially susceptible. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Proto, A., Rufer, L., Basrour, S., & Penhaker, M.
- Affiliations
- VSB - Technical University of Ostrava (CZ)
- Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Penhaker, Marek
- Venue
- Micromachines
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-12-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2127
- ISSN
- 2072-666X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9788435
- OpenAlex
- W4311643607
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Micromachines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DSpace VŠB-TUO (VŠB-TUO) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Biomedical Engineering Systems XVIII (SV4502261/SP2022/98)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies
- Keywords
- wireless power transfer, biomedical implants, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers, Langevin transducer, acoustic impedance, acoustic pressure field, non-toxic materials
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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