Current Evidence on the Bioavailability of Food Bioactive Peptides

Amigo, Lourdes; Hernández-Ledesma, Blanca

doi:10.3390/molecules25194479

Cited by 311Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive PeptidesProteins in Food SystemsChemical Synthesis and Analysis

Current Evidence on the Bioavailability of Food Bioactive Peptides

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Amigo, Lourdes, Hernández-Ledesma, Blanca·2020·Molecules

DOI 10.3390/molecules25194479PMC PMC7582556

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Abstract

Food protein-derived bioactive peptides are recognized as valuable ingredients of functional foods and/or nutraceuticals to promote health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. However, although peptides have been demonstrated to exert multiple benefits by biochemical assays, cell culture, and animal models, the ability to translate the new findings into practical or commercial uses remains delayed. This fact is mainly due to the lack of correlation of in vitro findings with in vivo functions of peptides because of their low bioavailability. Once ingested, peptides need to resist the action of digestive enzymes during their transit through the gastrointestinal tract and cross the intestinal epithelial barrier to reach the target organs in an intact and active form to exert their health-promoting properties. Thus, for a better understanding of the in vivo physiological effects of food bioactive peptides, extensive research studies on their gastrointestinal stability and transport are needed. This review summarizes the most current evidence on those factors affecting the digestive and absorptive processes of food bioactive peptides, the recently designed models mimicking the gastrointestinal environment, as well as the novel strategies developed and currently applied to enhance the absorption and bioavailability of peptides.

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Many algal peptides have demonstrated promising biological activity in vitro, but their behavior within the human digestive system is not fully understood.
“Although many peptides have demonstrated promising biological activity in vitro, their behavior within the human digestive system is not fully understood [202].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [202]
The Introduction and Conclusions support the printed sentence’s general point: food peptides show in vitro bioactivity, but their digestion and bioavailability in vivo remain incompletely understood. The claim adds an algal-peptide qualifier that these passages do not establish. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The field lacks a substantial body of clinical data; most current evidence is derived from in vitro assays or animal models, which do not necessarily translate to human outcomes.
“Moreover, the field still lacks a substantial body of clinical data. Most of the current evidence is derived from in vitro assays or animal models, which, although informative, do not necessarily translate to human outcomes [202].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [202]

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Authors: Amigo, L., & Hernández-Ledesma, B.
Affiliations: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (ES)
Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Research in Food Sciences (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI-UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
ORCID: Amigo, Lourdes
Hernández-Ledesma, Blanca
Venue: Molecules
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2020-09-29
Volume: 25
Issue: 19
Pages: 4479
ISSN: 1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194479
PMC: PMC7582556
OpenAlex: W3090096781
Cited by: 311
References: 254
Citations by year: 2026: 98 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 2
FWCI: 2.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (AGL2015-66886-R)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Proteins in Food Systems
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Keywords: bioavailability, gastrointestinal stability, intestinal absorption, digestive enzymes, in vitro-in vivo correlation, functional foods, nutraceuticals, protein-derived peptides
MeSH terms: Animals, Biological Availability, Food, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Models, Biological, Peptides, Gastrointestinal Tract

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