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Cited by 253Muscle metabolism and nutritionProtein Hydrolysis and Bioactive PeptidesRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Plasma Glucagon and Insulin Responses Depend on the Rate of Appearance of Amino Acids after Ingestion of Different Protein Solutions in Humans

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Calbet, Jose A.L., MacLean, Dave A.·2002·The Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/jn/132.8.2174
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Abstract

To find out whether the hormonal response to feeding with protein solutions is influenced by the nature and degree of protein fractionation, we examined insulin and glucagon responses after intake of protein solutions containing the same amount of nitrogen (2.9 g each) in three men and three women. Four test meals (600 mL) [glucose (419 kJ/L), pea (PPH) and whey peptide hydrolysates (WPH) (921 and 963 kJ/L, respectively) and a cow's milk solution (MS) containing complete milk proteins (2763 kJ/L)] were tested. Peptide hydrolysates elicited a faster increase in venous plasma amino acids than did MS (P < 0.05). Despite the higher carbohydrate content of the MS, the peptide hydrolysates elicited a peak insulin response that was two and four times greater than that evoked by the MS and glucose solutions, respectively (P < 0.05). The insulin response was closely related to the increase in plasma amino acids, especially leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine and arginine, regardless of the rate of gastric emptying. The three protein solutions elicited similar increases of plasma glucagon; however, the response was fastest for both peptide hydrolysates (P < 0.05) and more prolonged for the MS (P < 0.05). The glucagon response was linearly related to the increase in plasma amino acids, regardless of the rate of gastric emptying or meal composition (r = 0.93, r = 0.96 and r = 0.78, all P < 0.05, for the PPH, WPH and MS). Among the plasma amino acids, tyrosine (r = 0.82-0.98, P < 0.05) and methionine (r = 0.98, P < 0.001) were most closely related to the plasma glucagon response. This study shows that the glucagon response to feeding with protein solutions depends on the increase in plasma amino acid concentrations. The combined administration of glucose and peptide hydrolysates stimulates a synergistic release of insulin, regardless of the protein source.

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  • The rate of absorption may lead to a more favorable anabolic hormonal environment.

    “Further, the rate of absorption may lead to a more favorable anabolic hormonal environment [202, 203, 206].”

    From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [203]

  • Peptide hydrolysates produced a faster increase in venous plasma amino acids compared to milk proteins.

    “Results indicated that peptide hydrolysates produced a faster increase in venous plasma amino acids compared to milk proteins.”

    From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [203]

  • Peptide hydrolysates produced peak plasma insulin levels that were two- and four-times greater than that evoked by the milk and glucose solutions, respectively.

    “Further, the peptide hydrolysates produced peak plasma insulin levels that were two- and four-times greater than that evoked by the milk and glucose solutions, respectively, with a correlation of 0.8 between plasma amino acids and the insulin response in the peptide hydrolysates.”

    From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [203]

  • Sensitivity analysis was performed for unmeasured confounding of the causal estimates.

    “We used treatSens package in R (11) to perform sensitivity analysis (SA) of the causal estimates for unmeasured confounding.”

    From Mechanistic inferences on metabolic dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder from an integrated model and multiomic analysis: role of glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity (2019) · cites this paper as [11]

    The Statistics section lists ANOVA, ANCOVA, correlation, and regression analyses, but does not describe sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding. Searches for treatSens and causal-estimate sensitivity analysis found no relevant passage in our copy; no page number was provided for the Statistics passage. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Authors
Calbet, J. A. L., & MacLean, D. A.
Affiliations
Rigshospitalet (DK)
Corresponding author
MacLean, Dave A.
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2002-08
Volume
132
Issue
8
Pages
2174-2182
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/jn/132.8.2174
OpenAlex
W1948943222
Semantic Scholar
863d3d3661a865f3a8c14bbe2cc4e46a41820d21
Cited by
253
References
54
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 11
FWCI
1.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Acceda (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
glucagon, insulin, plasma amino acids, protein hydrolysates, pea protein hydrolysate, cow's milk protein, protein fractionation, gastric emptying, tyrosine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, L-arginine
MeSH terms
Insulin Secretion, Adult, Amino Acids, Dietary Proteins, Female, Glucagon, Humans, Insulin, Kinetics, Male, Osmolar Concentration, Reference Values, Solutions

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