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Cited by 94Environmental Toxicology and EcotoxicologyEnvironmental and Analytical Chemistry StudiesToxic Organic Pollutants Impact

Mixed Contaminants: Occurrence, Interactions, Toxicity, Detection, and Remediation

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Goutam Mukherjee, Anirban, Ramesh Wanjari, Uddesh, Eladl, Mohamed Ahmed, El-Sherbiny, Mohamed, Elsherbini, Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem, Sukumar, Aarthi, Kannampuzha, Sandra, Ravichandran, Madurika +4 more·2022·Molecules
DOI 10.3390/molecules27082577PMC PMC9029723
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Abstract

The ever-increasing rate of pollution has attracted considerable interest in research. Several anthropogenic activities have diminished soil, air, and water quality and have led to complex chemical pollutants. This review aims to provide a clear idea about the latest and most prevalent pollutants such as heavy metals, PAHs, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals—their occurrence in various complex mixtures and how several environmental factors influence their interaction. The mechanism adopted by these contaminants to form the complex mixtures leading to the rise of a new class of contaminants, and thus resulting in severe threats to human health and the environment, has also been exhibited. Additionally, this review provides an in-depth idea of various in vivo, in vitro, and trending biomarkers used for risk assessment and identifies the occurrence of mixed contaminants even at very minute concentrations. Much importance has been given to remediation technologies to understand our current position in handling these contaminants and how the technologies can be improved. This paper aims to create awareness among readers about the most ubiquitous contaminants and how simple ways can be adopted to tackle the same.

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  • Numerous contaminated locations are simultaneously affected by organic and metallic contaminants, resulting in a cumulative stress effect on microorganisms.

    “Numerous contaminated locations are simultaneously affected by organic and metallic contaminants, resulting in a cumulative stress effect on microorganisms [127].”

    From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [127]

    Section 2.1 (In Soil; page unavailable) says soils are exposed to cocktails of contaminants, including heavy metals and organic chemicals, and that mixed contaminants can harm exposed organisms. It does not establish that numerous locations have both organic and metallic contamination or that their combination causes a cumulative stress effect specifically in microorganisms; Section 4.4 discusses microbes as remediators, not that effect. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Goutam Mukherjee, A., Ramesh Wanjari, U., Eladl, M. A., El-Sherbiny, M., Elsherbini, D. M. A., Sukumar, A., Kannampuzha, S., Ravichandran, M., Renu, K., Vellingiri, B., Kandasamy, S., & Valsala Gopalakrishnan, A.
Affiliations
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
  • University of Sharjah (AE)
  • Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 71666, Saudi Arabia
  • Mansoura University (EG)
  • Vellore Institute of Technology University (IN)
  • Saveetha University (IN)
  • Bharathiar University (IN)
ORCID
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-04-16
Volume
27
Issue
8
Pages
2577
ISSN
1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/molecules27082577
PMC
PMC9029723
OpenAlex
W4224214169
Cited by
94
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7
FWCI
1.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Indian Council of Medical Research ([F.No. 5/7/482/2010-RBMH&CH])
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Keywords
mixed contaminants, complex chemical mixtures, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals, contaminant interactions, toxicity, biomarkers, risk assessment, environmental remediation, pollution
MeSH terms
Environmental Pollutants, Humans, Pesticides, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Soil, Soil Pollutants, Metals, Heavy, Environmental Restoration and Remediation

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