Concentrations of Plasma Free Palmitoleic and Dihomo-Gamma Linoleic Fatty Acids Are Higher in Children with Abdominal Obesity
Open accessAbstract
Increased plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with abdominal obesity (AO). However, this association remains controversial in children. This study analyzed plasma FFA concentration in children with and without AO. Twenty-nine children classified with AO were matched by age and sex with 29 non-obese individuals. Blood samples were collected after fasting for 10–12 h. Plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by automatized methods. FFAs were analyzed by gas chromatography. Children with and without AO had similar age (7.1 ± 2.6 vs. 7.2 ± 2.7 years; p > 0.05) but obese children showed higher (p < 0.05) body mass index (BMI) (+4.3 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (+5.1 mmHg), and insulin (+27.8 pmol/L). There were no significant differences in plasma total FFA concentration between groups (1.02 ± 0.61 vs. 0.89 ± 0.37 mmol/L; p > 0.05). However, children with AO had higher palmitoleic acid (0.94 vs. 0.70 wt %; p < 0.05) and dihomo-gamma linoleic acid (DHGL) (2.76 vs. 2.07 wt %; p < 0.05). Palmitoleic and DHGL acids correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI (r = 0.397; r = 0.296, respectively) and with waist circumference (r = 0.380; r = 0.276, respectively). Palmitoleic acid correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.386; p < 0.05) and negatively with HDL-C (−0.572; p < 0.01). In summary, children with AO have higher plasmatic concentrations of free palmitoleic and DHGL fatty acids, which correlate with cardiometabolic risk factors.
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In obesity and metabolic syndrome, the concentration of FFAs in fasting blood plasma reaches 0.6-1.0 mM.
“In obesity and metabolic syndrome, the concentration of FFAs in fasting blood plasma reaches 0.6–1.0 mM [139,140].”
From The HepG2 Cell Line as a Model for Studying Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (2026) · cites this paper as [139]
The Abstract reports fasting plasma total FFA concentrations of 1.02 ± 0.61 mmol/L in children with abdominal obesity, close to the claimed range. The Discussion cites a broader literature range of 0.332–1.02 mmol/L, but the paper does not establish 0.6–1.0 mM as a range specifically for obesity and metabolic syndrome; it also found no significant difference in total FFAs between the obese and non-obese children. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Aristizabal, J., González-Zapata, L., Estrada-Restrepo, A., Monsalve-Alvarez, J., Restrepo-Mesa, S., & Gaitán, D.
- Affiliations
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050025, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Alimentación y Nutrición Humana, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Universidad de Antioquia (CO)
- ORCID
- Aristizabal, Juan
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-01-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5793259
- OpenAlex
- W2782494421
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repository University of Antioquia (University of Antioquia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- abdominal obesity, children, free fatty acids, palmitoleic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, plasma fatty acid composition, cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, insulin
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Female, Humans, Linoleic Acids, Male, Risk Factors, South America, Biomarkers, Up-Regulation, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Metabolic Syndrome, Fatty Acid Desaturases, Waist Circumference, Obesity, Abdominal, Pediatric Obesity
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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