Cited by 344Vitamin C and Antioxidants ResearchAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressTrace Elements in Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 123 of the 123 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Pharmacokinetics of Vitamin C

Open access
Lykkesfeldt, Jens, Tveden-Nyborg, Pernille·2019·Nutrients

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C (vitC) is indeed complex. Regulated primarily by a family of saturable sodium dependent vitC transporters (SVCTs), the absorption and elimination are highly dose-dependent. Moreover, the tissue specific expression levels and subtypes of these SVCTs result in a compartmentalized distribution pattern with a diverse range of organ concentrations of vitC at homeostasis ranging from about 0.2 mM in the muscle and heart, and up to 10 mM in the brain and adrenal gland. The homeostasis of vitC is influenced by several factors, including genetic polymorphisms and environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking and diet, as well as diseases. Going from physiological to pharmacological doses, vitC pharmacokinetics change from zero to first order, rendering the precise calculation of dosing regimens in, for example, cancer and sepsis treatment possible. Unfortunately, the complex pharmacokinetics of vitC has often been overlooked in the design of intervention studies, giving rise to misinterpretations and erroneous conclusions. The present review outlines the diverse aspects of vitC pharmacokinetics and examines how they affect vitC homeostasis under a variety of conditions.

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  1. Food and Nutrition Board Staff, Panel on Dietary Antioxidants, and Institute of Medicine Staff (2000). Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium and Carotenoids: A Report of the Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds, Subcommitties on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and of the Interpretation and Use of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press.
  2. Asard, H., May, J.M., and Smirnoff, N. (2004). Ascorbate as an antioxidant. Vitamin C: Its Functions and Biochemistry in Animals and Plants, BIOS Scientific Publishers Limited. · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Lykkesfeldt, J., & Tveden-Nyborg, P.
Affiliations
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
Corresponding author
Lykkesfeldt, Jens
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-10-09
Volume
11
Issue
10
Pages
2412
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2979508643
Cited by
344
References
123
Citations by year
2026: 43 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 29
FWCI
4.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
Keywords
vitamin C, pharmacokinetics, sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters, dose-dependent absorption, tissue distribution, genetic polymorphism, smoking, diet, cancer therapy, sepsis treatment, dosing regimen
MeSH terms
Ascorbic Acid, Ascorbic Acid Deficiency, Diffusion, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Nutritional Requirements, Pregnancy, Smoking, Tissue Distribution, Sodium-Coupled Vitamin C Transporters

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