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High Intake of Sugar and the Balance between Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gut Bacteria
Open accessAbstract
The so-called Western diet is rich in saturated fat and sugars and poor in plant-derived fibers, and it is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, as well as chronic (low grade) inflammation. The detrimental effects of poor diet are in part mediated by gut microbiota, whose composition, functionality and metabolic end products respond to dietary changes. Recent studies have shown that high intake of sugars increase the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the gut, while simultaneously decreasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes, which can mitigate the effects of endotoxin, as well as reinforce gut barrier function. Thus, a high sugar intake may stagger the balance of microbiota to have increased pro-inflammatory properties and decreased the capacity to regulate epithelial integrity and mucosal immunity. Consequently, high dietary sugar can, through the modulation of microbiota, promote metabolic endotoxemia, systemic (low grade) inflammation and the development of metabolic dysregulation and thereby, high dietary sugar may have many-fold deleterious health effects, in addition to providing excess energy.
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“These microbes have a favorable nutritional environment and are able to become the predominant micro-organisms in the oral microbiota, outcompeting slower-growing species with alternative nutritional requirements [81].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [81]
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“The intake of refined carbohydrates has increased more and more in recent years, promoting the growth of saccharolytic microbes.”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [81]
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“Excess carbohydrate, particularly processed simple sugars, promotes the growth of rapidly growing saccharolytic microbes whose growth advantage permits out‐competition of slower‐growing species with alternative nutritional requirements.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [285]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Satokari, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Satokari, Reetta
- ORCID
- Satokari, Reetta
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-05-08
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1348
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7284805
- OpenAlex
- W3021669209
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- dietary sugar, gut microbiota, Western diet, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, low-grade inflammation, endotoxemia, intestinal barrier, mucosal immunity, epithelial barrier integrity, metabolic dysfunction, saturated fat, plant fibers
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Dietary Sugars, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Eating, Endotoxins, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Metabolic Diseases, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Endotoxemia, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes
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