The Western Diet–Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.3390/nu10030365 · Paper page
Abstract
The dietary pattern that characterizes the Western diet is strongly associated with obesity and related metabolic diseases, but biological mechanisms supporting these associations remain largely unknown. We argue that the Western diet is promoting inflammation that arises from both structural and behavioral changes in the resident microbiome. The environment created in the gut by ultra-processed foods, a hallmark of the Western diet, is an evolutionarily unique selection ground for microbes that can promote diverse forms of inflammatory disease. Recognizing the importance of the microbiome in the development of diet-related disease has implications for future research, public dietary advice as well as food production practices. Research into food patterns suggest that whole foods is a common denominator of diets associated with a low level of diet-related disease. Hence, by studying how ultra-processing changes properties of whole foods and how these foods affect the gut microbiome, more useful dietary guidelines can be made. Innovations in food production should be focusing on enabling health in the super-organism of man and microbe, and stronger regulation of potentially hazardous components of food products is warranted.
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A mouse study demonstrated that microbial changes leading to metabolic endotoxemia were induced by a lack of fermentable fibre rather than dietary fat content.
“This state has often been attributed to a high-fat diet, though a mouse study demonstrated that microbial changes leading to this detrimental state were induced by a lack of fermentable fibre rather than dietary fat content [97,98].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [97]
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- Authors
- Zinöcker, M. K., & Lindseth, I. A.
- Affiliations
- Oslo Nye Høyskole (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Zinöcker, Marit K.
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-03-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 365-365
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5872783
- OpenAlex
- W2790928417
- Cited by
- 776
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 78 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 119 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 6.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Keywords
- Western diet, gut microbiota, host-microbe interactions, obesity, metabolic disorders, inflammation, ultra-processed foods, whole foods, dietary guidelines, food production, food regulation, diet-related diseases
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Food Additives, Food Handling, Humans, Inflammation, Metabolic Diseases, Nutritional Status, Nutritive Value, Risk Factors, Gastrointestinal Tract, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Fast Foods, Diet, Western
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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