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Cited by 212Animal Nutrition and PhysiologyAquaculture Nutrition and GrowthAmino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism

Physiological Functions of Threonine in Animals: Beyond Nutrition Metabolism

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Tang, Qi, Tan, Peng, Ma, Ning, Ma, Xi·2021·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu13082592PMC PMC8399342
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Abstract

Threonine (Thr), an essential amino acid for animals and the limiting amino acid in swine and poultry diets, which plays a vital role in the modulation of nutritional metabolism, macromolecular biosynthesis, and gut homeostasis. Current evidence supports that the supplementation of Thr leads to benefits in terms of energy metabolism. Threonine is not only an important component of gastrointestinal mucin, but also acts as a nutritional modulator that influences the intestinal immune system via complex signaling networks, particularly mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the target of the rapamycin (TOR) signal pathway. Threonine is also recognized as an indispensable nutrient for cell growth and proliferation. Hence, optimization of Thr requirement may exert a favorable impact on the factors linked to health and diseases in animals. This review focuses on the latest reports of Thr in metabolic pathways and nutritional regulation, as well as the relationship between Thr and relevant physiological functions.

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  • Banana peel has been used as a therapeutic agent for antilithic, antiulcerogenic, anti-diarrheal, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antivenom properties.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Tang, Q., Tan, P., Ma, N., & Ma, X.
Affiliations
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition (CN)
Corresponding author
Ma, Xi
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-07-28
Volume
13
Issue
8
Pages
2592
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu13082592
PMC
PMC8399342
OpenAlex
W3185359876
Cited by
212
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 43 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 1
FWCI
2.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0500601, 2017YFD0500501)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (31930106, 31829004, 31722054)
  • National Ten-thousand Talents Program of China (23070201)
  • 111 Project (B16044)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Keywords
threonine, essential amino acids, amino acid supplementation, energy metabolism, intestinal immunity, MAPK signaling, TOR signaling, macromolecular synthesis, intestinal homeostasis, swine nutrition, poultry nutrition, amino acid requirements, cell growth and proliferation
MeSH terms
Amino Acids, Animals, Diet, Energy Metabolism, Mucins, Nutritional Status, Stem Cells, Swine, Threonine, Sirolimus, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Gastrointestinal Tract, Metabolic Networks and Pathways

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