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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants

Suksatan, Wanich, Moradi, Sajjad, Naeini, Fatemeh, Bagheri, Reza, Mohammadi, Hamed, Talebi, Sepide, Mehrabani, Sanaz, Hojjati Kermani, Mohammad ali, Suzuki, Katsuhiko·2021·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu14010174PMC PMC8747520
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Abstract

We performed a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the association between UPF consumption and adult mortality risk. A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus electronic databases from inception to August 2021. Data were extracted from seven cohort studies (totaling 207,291 adults from four countries). Using a random-effects model, hazard ratios (HR) of pooled outcomes were estimated. Our results showed that UPF consumption was related to an enhanced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.30; I2 = 21.9%; p < 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-cause mortality (HR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.63; I2 = 0.0%; p < 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (HR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.50, 1.85; I2 = 0.0%; p = 0.022), but not cancer-cause mortality. Furthermore, our findings revealed that each 10% increase in UPF consumption in daily calorie intake was associated with a 15% higher risk of all-cause mortality (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.21; I2 = 0.0%; p < 0.001). The dose–response analysis revealed a positive linear association between UPF consumption and all-cause mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.879, Pdose–response = p < 0.001), CVDs-cause mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.868, Pdose–response = p < 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.774, Pdose–response = p < 0.001). It seems that higher consumption of UPF is significantly associated with an enhanced risk of adult mortality. Despite this, further experimental studies are necessary to draw a more definite conclusion.

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  • Pooled dose-response analysis showed limited evidence for an association between greater ultra-processed food exposure and incident heart disease related mortality (hazard ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.47; credibility class V; GRADE low).

    “dose-response hazard ratio 1.18, 0.95 to 1.47; class V; low”

    From Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses (2024) · cites this paper as [51]

  • Pooled non-dose-response analysis showed limited evidence for an association between greater ultra-processed food exposure and incident heart disease related mortality (hazard ratio 1.66, 95% confidence interval 1.51 to 1.84; credibility class II; GRADE low).

    “non-dose-response hazard ratio 1.66, 1.51 to 1.84; class II; low”

    From Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses (2024) · cites this paper as [51]

  • Pooled analysis of two cohorts showed limited evidence supporting a direct association between greater ultra-processed food exposure and higher risk of incident cancer related mortality (hazard ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.24; credibility class V; GRADE low).

    “Effect estimates from two cohorts were pooled and showed limited evidence supporting direct associations between greater ultra-processed food exposure and a higher risk of incident cancer related mortality (hazard ratio 1.00, 0.81 to 1.24; class V; low)”

    From Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses (2024) · cites this paper as [51]

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Metadata

Authors
Suksatan, W., Moradi, S., Naeini, F., Bagheri, R., Mohammadi, H., Talebi, S., Mehrabani, S., Hojjati Kermani, M. A., & Suzuki, K.
Affiliations
  • Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
  • Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran 314715311, Iran
  • Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
  • Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
  • Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
  • Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983535511, Iran
  • Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-12-30
Volume
14
Issue
1
Pages
174
ISSN
2072-6643
DOI
10.3390/nu14010174
PMC
PMC8747520
Cited by
133
References
9
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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