Individual postprandial glycemic responses to meal types by different carbohydrate levels and their associations with glycemic variability using continuous glucose monitoring
Open accessAbstract
This study aimed to investigate individual postprandial glycemic responses (PPGRs) to meal types with varying carbohydrate levels and examine their associations with 14-day glycemic variability using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in young adults. In a two-week intervention study with 34 participants connected to CGM, four meal types and glucose 75 g were tested. PPGRs were recorded for up to 2 h with a 15 min interval after meals. Data-driven cluster analysis was used to group individual PPGRs for each meal type, and correlation analysis was performed of 14-day glycemic variability and control with related factors. Participants had a mean age of 22.5 years, with 22.8% being male. Four meal types were chosen according to carbohydrate levels. The mean glucose excursion for all meal types, except the fruit bowl, exhibited a similar curve with attenuation. Individuals classified as high responders for each meal type exhibited sustained peak glucose levels for a longer duration compared to low responders, especially in meals with carbohydrate contents above 50%. A meal with 45% carbohydrate content showed no correlation with either 14-day glycemic variability or control. Understanding the glycemic response to carbohydrate-rich meals and adopting a meal-based approach when planning diets are crucial to improving glycemic variability and control.
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- Authors
- Song, J., Oh, T. J., & Song, Y.
- Affiliations
- Catholic University of Korea (KR)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Song, YoonJu
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-08-13
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 3571
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10459284
- OpenAlex
- W4385811698
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2020R1F1A1049442)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Keywords
- postprandial glycemic response, glycemic variability, meal type, glycemic excursions, continuous glucose monitoring, young adults, diet planning, glycemic control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Female, Glucose, Humans, Male, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Cluster Analysis, Young Adult, Meals
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