Adherence to a Healthy Nordic Food Index Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Type-2 Diabetes--The Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Type-2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Lifestyle factors, in particular obesity, diet, and physical activity play a significant role in the etiology of the disease. Of dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet has been studied, and generally a protective association has been identified. However, other regional diets are less explored. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between adherence to a healthy Nordic food index and the risk of T2D. The index consists of six food items: fish, cabbage, rye bread, oatmeal, apples and pears, and root vegetables. METHODS: Data was obtained from a prospective cohort study of 57,053 Danish men and women aged 50-64 years, at baseline, of whom 7366 developed T2D (median follow-up: 15.3 years). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between the healthy Nordic food index and risk of T2D, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Greater adherence to the healthy Nordic food index was significantly associated with lower risk of T2D after adjusting for potential confounders. An index score of 5-6 points (high adherence) was associated with a statistically significantly 25% lower T2D risk in women (HR: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.61-0.92) and 38% in men (HR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.53-0.71) compared to those with an index score of 0 points (poor adherence). CONCLUSION: Adherence to a healthy Nordic food index was found to be inversely associated with risk of T2D, suggesting that regional diets other than the Mediterranean may also be recommended for prevention of T2D.
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All rigorously investigated healthy dietary patterns (Mediterranean-style, vegetarian, Nordic, DASH) have been associated with a lower risk of developing T2DM.
“All rigorously investigated healthy dietary patterns, i.e., Mediterranean-style diet [94,95,96], vegetarian diets [97,98,99,100], Nordic diet [101], and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) [94,102] have been associated with a lower risk of developing T2DM.”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
A healthy Nordic diet trial reported a 25% lower risk in women and 38% in men.
“whereas another trial examining a healthy Nordic diet, reported a 25% lower risk in women and 38% in men [101].”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
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“, Mediterranean-style diet [94–96], vegetarian diets [97–100], Nordic diet [101], and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) [94,102] have been associated with a lower risk of developing T2DM.”
BackgroundBell, K., Shaw, J. E., Maple-Brown, L., Ferris, W., Gray, S., Murfet, G., Flavel, R., Maynard, B., Ryrie, H., Pritchard, B., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108188 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Vegetarian and vegan diets (37), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet (38), and the Nordic diet (39) have also been associated with a reduced risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes.”
Background
- Authors
- Lacoppidan, S., Kyrø, C., Loft, S., Helnæs, A., Christensen, J., Hansen, C., Dahm, C., Overvad, K., Tjønneland, A., & Olsen, A.
- Affiliations
- Danish Cancer Society (DK)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Kyrø, Cecilie
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-10-21
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 8633-8644
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4632438
- OpenAlex
- W1892755222
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 9.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- NordForsk
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, dietary adherence, regional diet, fish consumption, cabbage, rye bread, oatmeal, root vegetables, diabetes prevention, diet and diabetes risk
- MeSH terms
- Denmark, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Proportional Hazards Models
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