A position statement on screening and management of prediabetes in adults in primary care in Australia

Bell, Kirstine; Shaw, Jonathan E.; Maple-Brown, Louise; Ferris, Wendy; Gray, Susan; Murfet, Giuliana; Flavel, Rebecca; Maynard, Bernie; Ryrie, Hannah; Pritchard, Barry; Freeman, Rachel; Gordon, Brett A.

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108188

Cited by 64Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes Management and Research

A position statement on screening and management of prediabetes in adults in primary care in Australia

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Bell, Kirstine, Shaw, Jonathan E., Maple-Brown, Louise, Ferris, Wendy, Gray, Susan, Murfet, Giuliana, Flavel, Rebecca, Maynard, Bernie +4 more·2020·Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

DOI 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108188

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Abstract

Prediabetes has a high prevalence, with early detection essential to facilitate optimal management to prevent the development of conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes can include impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and elevated HbA1c. This position statement outlines the approaches to screening and management of prediabetes in primary care. There is good evidence to implement intensive, structured lifestyle interventions for individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. The evidence for those with impaired fasting glucose or elevated HbA1c is less clear, but individuals should still be provided with generalised healthy lifestyle strategies. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to implement healthy lifestyle changes through education, nutrition and physical activity. Individuals should aim to lose weight (5-10% of body mass) using realistic and sustainable dietary approaches supported by an accredited practising dietitian, where possible. Physical activity and exercise should be used to facilitate weight maintenance and reduce blood glucose. Moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise and resistance training should be prescribed by an accredited exercise physiologist, where possible. When indicated, pharmacotherapy, metabolic surgery and psychosocial care should be considered, in order to enhance the outcomes associated with lifestyle change. Individuals with prediabetes should generally be evaluated annually for their diabetes status.

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These thresholds are consistent with the accepted Australian definition of pre-diabetes outside of pregnancy.
“These thresholds are consistent with the accepted Australian definition of pre‐diabetes outside of pregnancy. 47”
From Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society ( <scp>ADIPS</scp> ) 2025 consensus recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and classification of gestational diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [47]
Sections 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 give recommended HbA1c and glucose thresholds for prediabetes in an Australian position statement on adults. Section 3 discusses gestational diabetes separately. The citing sentence does not specify what “these thresholds” are, so their consistency with the paper’s thresholds cannot be checked. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Exercise training increases glycogen synthase activity and GLUT4 expression but not insulin signaling in overweight nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects
Christ-Roberts, C. Y., Pratipanawatr, T., Pratipanawatr, W., Berria, R., Belfort, R., Kashyap, S., & Mandarino, L. J. (2004) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2004.03.022 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
The Acute Metabolic and Vascular Impact of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Saunders, T. J., Atkinson, H. F., Burr, J. F., MacEwen, B. T., Skeaff, C. M., & Peddie, M. C. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0963-8 · Cited by 194 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Prolonged sitting has a negative influence on glycaemic regulation [72,73], which is proportional to the severity of insulin resistance experienced [74].”
Background
A peer-support lifestyle intervention for preventing type 2 diabetes in India: A cluster-randomized controlled trial of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program
Thankappan, K. R., Sathish, T., Tapp, R. J., Shaw, J. E., Lotfaliany, M., Wolfe, R. S., Absetz, P., Mathews, E., Aziz, Z., Williams, E. D., et al. (2018) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002575 · Cited by 191 · cited 1× · see citing works
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High-intensity interval training versus continuous training on physiological and metabolic variables in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis
De Nardi, A. T., Tolves, T., Lenzi, T. L., Signori, L. U., & Silva, A. M. V. D. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.12.017 · Cited by 191 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Results from meta-analyses considering a broad range of populations (including some clinical populations (66, 67) demonstrate that interval training is more effective for improving insulin resistance and cardiorespiratory fitness than moderate-intensity continuous training (i.”
Background
The Stepwise Approach to Diabetes Prevention: Results From the D-CLIP Randomized Controlled Trial
Weber, M. B., Ranjani, H., Staimez, L. R., Anjana, R. M., Ali, M. K., Narayan, K. M. V., & Mohan, V. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1241 · Cited by 189 · cited 1× · see citing works
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Men and women respond differently to rapid weight loss: Metabolic outcomes of a multi-centre intervention study after a low-energy diet in 2500 overweight, individuals with pre-diabetes (PREVIEW)
Christensen, P., Meinert Larsen, T., Westerterp‐Plantenga, M., Macdonald, I., Martinez, J. A., Handjiev, S., Poppitt, S., Hansen, S., Ritz, C., Astrup, A., et al. (2018) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13466 · Cited by 188 · cited 2× · see citing works
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Dagenais (2008) · doi:10.2337/dc07-1868 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
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Dungan, J. S. (2011) · Yearbook of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.yobg.2011.05.175 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity With Risks of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes in Men
Lee, D.-C., Sui, X., Church, T. S., Lee, I.-M., & Blair, S. N. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1377 · Cited by 169 · cited 2× · see citing works
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Sitting Less and Moving More: Improved Glycaemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Management
Dempsey, P. C., Owen, N. G., Yates, T. E., Kingwell, B. A., & Dunstan, D. W. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0797-4 · Cited by 160 · cited 2× · see citing works
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Background
Effect of a Behavioral Intervention Strategy on Sustained Change in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The IDES_2 Randomized Clinical Trial
Balducci, S., D’Errico, V., Haxhi, J., Sacchetti, M., Orlando, G., Cardelli, P., Vitale, M., Bollanti, L., Conti, F., Zanuso, S., et al. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.0922 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Importance of Weight Loss Maintenance and Risk Prediction in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Analysis of European Diabetes Prevention Study RCT
Penn, L., White, M. J., Lindström, J., den Boer, A. T., Blaak, E. E., Eriksson, J. G., Feskens, E. J. M., Ilanne‐Parikka, P., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M., Walker, M., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057143 · Cited by 140 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Lifestyle interventions resulting in weight loss of 5-7% reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 57% (27), with a further reduction in those that sustained weight loss of 5% after three years (28).”
Background
Prediabetes: a position statement from the Australian Diabetes Society and Australian Diabetes Educators Association
Twigg, S. M., Kamp, M. C., Davis, T. M. E., Neylon, E. K., & Flack, J. R. (2007) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb00998.x · Cited by 133 · cited 2× · see citing works
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Background
Strength Training and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Shiroma, E. J., Cook, N. R., Manson, J. E., Moorthy, M., Buring, J. E., Rimm, E. B., & Lee, I.-M. M. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001063 · Cited by 126 · cited 3× · see citing works
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BackgroundInfluential
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting blood glucose
de Laar, F. A. V., Lucassen, P. L., Akkermans, R., van de Lisdonk, E. H., & Grauw, W. J. D. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005061.pub2 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
PREVIEW: Prevention of Diabetes through Lifestyle Intervention and Population Studies in Europe and around the World. Design, Methods, and Baseline Participant Description of an Adult Cohort Enrolled into a Three-Year Randomised Clinical Trial
Fogelholm, M., Larsen, T. M., Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S., Macdonald, I. A., Martínez, J. A., Boyadjieva, N. I., Poppitt, S. D., Schlicht, W. M., Stratton, G., Sundvall, J., et al. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9060632 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
豪州メルボルン Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute
佐田, 悠. (2015) · doi:10.11312/ccm.35.54 · Cited by 93 · cited 1×
“One in six Australian adults older than 25 years of age have prediabetes [1].”
Background
Adherence to a Healthy Nordic Food Index Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Type-2 Diabetes--The Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort Study
Lacoppidan, S., Kyrø, C., Loft, S., Helnæs, A., Christensen, J., Hansen, C., Dahm, C., Overvad, K., Tjønneland, A., & Olsen, A. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7105418 · Cited by 89 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Vegetarian and vegan diets (37), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet (38), and the Nordic diet (39) have also been associated with a reduced risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes.”
Background
The association of whole grain consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
Parker, E. D., Liu, S., Horn, L. V., Tinker, L. F., Shikany, J. M., Eaton, C. B., & Margolis, K. L. (2013) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.03.010 · Cited by 81 · cited 1× · see citing works
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Prolonged uninterrupted sitting elevates postprandial hyperglycaemia proportional to degree of insulin resistance
Dempsey, P. C., Larsen, R. N., WINKLER, E. A. H., Owen, N. G., Kingwell, B. A., & Dunstan, D. W. (2018) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13254 · Cited by 61 · cited 2× · see citing works
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Physical activity for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders
Montesi, L., Moscatiello, S., Malavolti, M., Marzocchi, R., & Marchesini, G. (2013) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-013-0953-7 · Cited by 60 · cited 3× · see citing works
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Prediabetes, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and risk of type 2 diabetes: A community-based cohort study
Deschênes, S. S., Burns, R. J., Graham, E. A., & Schmitz, N. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.08.011 · Cited by 52 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The combination of prediabetes and depression or anxiety symptoms has been associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, above either health condition alone [93].”
Background
Adopting the new World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes: How the prevalence changes in a high-risk region in Australia
Wong, V., Lin, A., & Russell, H. (2017) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.04.018 · Cited by 45 · cited 1× · see citing works
“GDM affects 9% of pregnancies in Australia [8], with rates as high as 30% in high-risk ethnically-diverse regions of Australia [9].”
Background
Resistance training is associated with spontaneous changes in aerobic physical activity but not overall diet quality in adults with prediabetes
Halliday, T. M., Savla, J. T., Marinik, E. L., Hedrick, V. E., Winett, R. A., & Davy, B. M. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.013 · Cited by 25 · cited 2× · see citing works
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Resist diabetes: A randomized clinical trial for resistance training maintenance in adults with prediabetes
Davy, B. M., Winett, R. A., Savla, J., Marinik, E. L., Baugh, M. E., Flack, K. D., Halliday, T. M., Kelleher, S. A., Winett, S. G., Williams, D. M., et al. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172610 · Cited by 25 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Improved muscle strength and body composition have been demonstrated only with prescribed and/or supervised resistance training programs (72), with additional compliance strategies not necessary (73).”
Background
Muscle hypertrophy in prediabetic men after 16 wk of resistance training
Stuart, C. A., Lee, M. L., South, M. A., Howell, M. E. A., & Stone, M. H. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00023.2017 · Cited by 24 · cited 2× · see citing works
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Background
Glucose response to exercise in the post‐prandial period is independent of exercise intensity
Shambrook, P., Kingsley, M., Wundersitz, D. W. T., Xanthos, P. D., Wyckelsma, V. L., & Gordon, B. A. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12999 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Clinical efficacy of a medically supervised outpatient high-protein, low-calorie diet program is equivalent in prediabetic, diabetic and normoglycemic obese patients
Li, Z., Tseng, C.-H., Li, Q., Deng, M. L., Wang, M., & Heber, D. (2014) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/nutd.2014.1 · Cited by 22 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Very-low-calorie diets (VLCD) using specially prepared meal replacement products, along with regular dietetic support, have been shown to induce weight loss of approximately 15% of initial body weight after 12 weeks, and a significant reduction in blood glucose levels after six months in people with prediabetes (52).”
Background
Programming and supervision of resistance training leads to positive effects on strength and body composition: results from two randomised trials of community fitness programmes
Mann, S., Jiménez, A., Steele, J., Domone, S., Wade, M., & Beedie, C. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5289-9 · Cited by 20 · cited 2× · see citing works
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Leguizamon (2000) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6661(200001/02)9:1

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Sorted by citations

Inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of type II diabetes mellitus with coexisting hypertension
Yousef, H., Khandoker, A. H., Feng, S. F., Helf, C., & Jelinek, H. F. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1173402 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Prediabetes
Ranjit Unnikrishnan, I., Shaw, J. E., Chan, J. C. N., Wild, S. H., Peters, A. L., Orrange, S., Roden, M., & Mohan, V. (2025) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-025-00635-0 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“…mellitus, obesity, gestational diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, polycystic ovary syndrome and high-risk scores for the aforementioned factors, measuring 2-h plasma glucose during an OGTT is crucial to avoid missing T2DM or IGT, even if fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c values are normal 112 .”
Self-citation
Machine-learning algorithm to non-invasively detect diabetes and pre-diabetes from electrocardiogram
Kulkarni, A. C., Patel, A. A., Pipal, K. V., Jaiswal, S. G., Jaisinghani, M. T., Thulkar, V., Gajbhiye, L., Gondane, P., Patel, A., Mamtani, M., et al. (2022) · BMJ Innovations · doi:10.1136/bmjinnov-2021-000759 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society ( <scp>ADIPS</scp> ) 2025 consensus recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and classification of gestational diabetes
Sweeting, A., Hare, M. J., de Jersey, S. J., Shub, A. L., Zinga, J., Foged, C., Hall, R. M., Wong, T., & Simmons, D. (2025) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.52696 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis and Screening in Australian General Practice: A National Study
Zheng, M., Bernardo, C. C. D. O., Stocks, N., & González-Chica, D. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2022/1566408 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Prediabetes and pregnancy: Early pregnancy HbA1c identifies Australian Aboriginal women with high-risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse perinatal outcomes
Jamieson, E. L., Spry, E. P., Kirke, A. B., Griffiths, E. K., Porter, C., Roxburgh, C., Singleton, S., Sterry, K., Atkinson, D. N., & Marley, J. V. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108868 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Analyses of short-chain fatty acids and exhaled breath volatiles in dietary intervention trials for metabolic diseases
Lee, J. H. J., & Zhu, J. (2020) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370220979952 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“It is well known that individuals with prediabetes have increased risks of the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and multiple vascular complications.(49) Numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the feasibility of preventing progression from prediabetes to T2D, using lifestyle or pharmacologic…”
Background
Circulating microRNAs from early childhood and adolescence are associated with pre-diabetes at 18 years of age in women from the PMNS cohort
Joglekar, M. V., Kunte, P. S., Wong, W. K. M., Bhat, D., Satoor, S. N., Patil, R. R., Karandikar, M. S., Fall, C. H. D., Yajnik, C. S., & Hardikar, A. A. (2022) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174422000137 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pre-diabetic older people regarding pre-diabetes
Pakpour, V., Molayi, F., & Nemati, H. (2024) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-04864-y · Cited by 12
“…approaches with the support of a nutritionist, exercise, and physical activity to facilitate weight control and blood glucose reduction, as well as psychological and social support and timely screening should be considered to increase the results of changing lifestyle in pre-diabetic people [13].”
Background
Responses to lifestyle interventions among individuals with distinct pre-diabetes phenotypes: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis
Rong, J., Ho, M., Zhou, D., & Chau, P. H. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111939 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cultural Influences, Experiences and Interventions Targeting Self‐Management Behaviours for Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes in First‐Generation Immigrants: A Scoping Review
Zhang, M., Coppell, K. J., Lo, J., & Whitehead, L. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16621 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“However, making and maintaining lifestyle changes can be challenging due to multiple factors, including health literacy, knowledge, finances, health beliefs, behaviours related to cultural and religious beliefs and disease-related factors (AGDH 2021; Bell et al. 2020; Gupta et al. 2019).”
Increased TG Levels and HOMA-IR Score Are Associated With a High Risk of Prediabetes: A Prospective Study
Jing, J., Li, J., Yan, N., Li, N., Liu, X., Li, X., Zhang, J., Wang, Q., Yang, C., Qiu, J., et al. (2023) · Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/10105395231191688 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Participants were also divided into four groups according to insulin indices (HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, HOMA-S): (1) low group: low values at baseline and at follow-up; (2) decrease group: low values at baseline that decreased further during follow-up; (3) increase group: low values at baseline that increased during follow-up;…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Prevalence of, and factors associated with, diabetes mellitus in people with severe mental illness attending a multidisciplinary, outpatient cardiometabolic health assessment service
Lambert, T., Middleton, T., Chen, R., & Sureshkumar, P. (2023) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003055 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Appraisal of Triglyceride-Related Markers as Early Predictors of Metabolic Outcomes in the PREVIEW Lifestyle Intervention: A Controlled Post-hoc Trial
Navas‐Carretero, S., San-Cristóbal, R., Vestentoft, P. S., Brand-Miller, J. C., Jalo, E., Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S., Simpson, E. J., Handjieva‐Darlenska, T., Stratton, G., Huttunen‐Lenz, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.733697 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The implementation of supervised lifestyle interventions in individuals with pre-diabetes usually focuses on weight loss (5– 10% of body mass) by prescribing energy-controlled dietary regimes and increases in exercise expenditure in order to reduce blood glucose levels (40).”
BackgroundMethod
Assessment and Management of Obesity and Self-Maintenance (AMOS): An Evaluation of a Rural, Regional Multidisciplinary Program
Prior, S. J., Luccisano, S. P., Kilpatrick, M., & Murfet, G. O. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912894 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Provider-Patient Interactions as Predictors of Lifestyle Behaviors Related to the Prevention and Management of Diabete
Robles, B., & Kuo, T. (2022) · Diabetology · doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0184.v1 · Cited by 8
The burden of type 2 diabetes in China from 1990 to 2021: A comparative analysis with G20 countries using the global burden of disease study 2021
An, K., Zhang, J., Wang, X., Qiao, R., & An, Z. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112188 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A systematic review of the mechanisms influencing engagement in diabetes prevention programmes for people with pre‐diabetes
McMullen, B., Duncanson, K., Collins, C. E., & MacDonald‐Wicks, L. K. (2024) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15323 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Postpartum uptake of diabetes screening tests in women with gestational diabetes: The PANDORA study
Wood, A. J., Lee, I., Barr, E., Barzi, F., Boyle, J., Connors, C., Moore, E., Oats, J., Mcintyre, H. D., Titmuss, A., et al. (2022) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14999 · Cited by 5
“Within 18 months, n (%) 87 (12) 74 (27) 13 (3) <0.”
Self-citation
Do patients with prediabetes managed with metformin achieve better glycaemic control? A national study using primary care medical records
Zheng, M., Soumya, S., Begum, M., Bernardo, C., Stocks, N., Jahan, H., & González‐Chica, D. A. (2023) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15170 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“This allowed us to (1) differentiate prevalent from ‘incident’ prediabetes, (2) identify potential exclusion criteria, (3) obtain baseline information on the glycaemic parameters and other confounders and (4) allow enough follow- up time to assess outcome data.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Referral Compliance Following a Diabetes Screening in a Dental Setting: A Scoping Review
Priede, A., Lau, P., Darby, I., Morgan, M., & Mariño, R. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10102020 · Cited by 4
“Women with prediabetes before pregnancy have a Healthcare 2022, 10, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10102020 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/healthcare higher risk of developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [10].”
BackgroundInfluential
Changes in hyperglycaemia-related testing for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus management: a prospective, cross-sectional survey of 16 years of general practice data from Australia
Leigh, A., Hunter, J., Harrison, C., Britt, H., & Molodysky, E. (2021) · BMC Primary Care · doi:10.1186/s12875-022-01896-4 · Cited by 4
“Since the end of the BEACH study in 2016, due to the changing demographics of the Australian population and rising rates of obesity, the prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM are continuing to rise [2, 12].”
BackgroundInfluential
Dichotomising the risk of hyperglycaemia into diabetes and prediabetes may render a disservice to patient care
Siopis, G., Scibilia, R., & Kiat, H. (2023) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmed.2022-0544 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Health and Liver Diagnostic Markers Influencing Glycemia in Subjects with Prediabetes: Preview Study
Ramos-López, O., Martínez‐Urbistondo, D., Navas‐Carretero, S., Zhu, R., Huttunen‐Lenz, M., Stratton, G., Handjieva‐Darlenska, T., Handjiev, S., Sundvall, J., Silvestre, M. P., et al. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14242895 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“In this context, predia-betes is identified as a state of intermediate hyperglycemia, but not meeting the diagnosis criteria for diabetes [2].”
Utilizing Attention-Enhanced Deep Neural Networks for Large-Scale Preliminary Diabetes Screening in Population Health Data
Hu, H.-W., Dong, W., Yu, J., Guan, S.-Y., & Zhu, X.-F. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13214177 · Cited by 2
Trends in risk factors and management strategies used by people with type 2 diabetes in New South Wales, Australia.
Cranney, L., McGill, B., Clare, P., & Bauman, A. (2022) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Protocol for a non-randomised stepped-wedge pilot trial for 'Nra:gi Ya:yun' (very good foods): a co-designed type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome initiative with aboriginal people living on Ngarrindjeri Ruwe
Omodei-James, S., Kropinyeri, R., Wilson, S., Cameron, D., Mendham, A. E., Kartinyeri, N., Scriven, T., Wingard, S., Kerrigan, C., Spaeth, B., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-106319 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“56 End-stage liver failure or undergoing dialysis Type 3c diabetes (primary pancreatic disease)”
The impact of telehealth‐delivered Medical Nutrition Therapy on diabetes outcomes in rural general practice: A secondary analysis of the Healthy Rural Hearts randomised controlled trial
Jansson, A. K., Schumacher, T. L., Oldmeadow, C. J., Grotowski, M., Cone, L., Guppy, M., Herbert, J., Attia, J., Brown, L., May, J., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70339
Enhancing Diabetes Screening Among Oral Healthcare Professionals: A COM-B Model and a Theoretical Domains Framework Approach
Priede, A., Lau, P., Mariño, R., & Darby, I. (2025) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology6100113 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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“Therefore, accessible channels for psychological support and stress management guidance for Chinese immigrants living with predia-betes need to be established, aligning with the Australian joint position statement (Bell et al. 2020).”
Glycated albumin is a useful marker for early screening of undiagnosed prediabetes and diabetes in patients presenting to a metropolitan emergency department
Sherfan, J., Olmo, G. D., Lee, M., Ah-Loo, A., SULLIVAN, D. R., & Caterson, I. D. (2025) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120624 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A critical realist exploration of health professionals’ perspectives on prediabetes diagnosis, management and type 2 diabetes prevention programs in a rural setting
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“Notably, despite the position statement highlighting the need for screening of prediabetes [28], Australia does not yet have a national screening program for diabetes, so rates—particularly of prediabetes—may be an underestimate.”
Prediabetes: A Pragmatic approach to counselling and coaching.
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Is the Clinical Delivery of Cardiac Rehabilitation in an Australian Setting Associated with Changes in Physical Capacity and Cardiovascular Risk and Are Any Changes Maintained for 12 Months?
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MethodSelf-citation
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Influential
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Xu, J., Luo, S., & Gao, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1825473
“However, different regional guidelines recommend different types of exercise, and there is yet to be a uni ﬁ ed consensus on implementation methods and standardization (17 – 23).”
Factores del hemograma completo asociados con prediabetes en adultos de un policlínico de Villa El Salvador, Perú
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Is All Weight Loss Equal Following Sleeve Gastrectomy? Defining Body Composition and Anthropometric Thresholds for Hyperglycemia Remission in Women from a Prospective Cohort Study
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Associations between psychosocial factors and health service utilisation and self-management in older Australian women with type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes: a cross-sectional study
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“Therefore, assessing individuals’ knowledge, understanding, and readiness for change is crucial for engaging them in health promotion and prediabetes management programs (Bell et al. 2020).”
CUT-OFF POINT FOR FASTING GLUCOSE IN DIAGNOSING PREDIABETES
oglu, M. V. A., kizi, I. S. M., kizi, S. S. S., & kizi, I. N. R. (2025) · Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії · doi:10.31718/2077-1096.25.2.65
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Influential
To the issue of complications of diabetes: a review
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PREDIABETIC CUT-OFF POINT FOR GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN
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Authors: Bell, K., Shaw, J. E., Maple-Brown, L., Ferris, W., Gray, S., Murfet, G., Flavel, R., Maynard, B., Ryrie, H., Pritchard, B., Freeman, R., & Gordon, B. A.
Affiliations: The University of Sydney (AU)
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
Menzies School of Health Research (AU)
Hunter New England Local Health District (AU)
The University of Queensland (AU)
Deakin University (AU)
Exercise and Sports Science Australia (AU)
Australian Diabetes Educators Association (AU)
La Trobe University (AU)
Corresponding author: Gordon, Brett A.
ORCID: Bell, Kirstine
Shaw, Jonathan E.
Maple-Brown, Louise
Gray, Susan
Murfet, Giuliana
Pritchard, Barry
Gordon, Brett A.
Venue: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-06
Volume: 164
Pages: 108188
ISSN: 0168-8227 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108188
OpenAlex: W3022323014
Cited by: 64
References: 108
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1
FWCI: 5.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: Australian Diabetes Society
National Health and Medical Research Council (1079438)
LMB
NHMRC (1078477)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: prediabetes, prediabetes screening, primary care, type 2 diabetes prevention, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, HbA1c, lifestyle intervention, weight loss, dietary intervention, physical activity, exercise prescription, multidisciplinary care, pharmacotherapy, metabolic surgery, psychosocial care
MeSH terms: Adult, Australia, Blood Glucose, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Prediabetic State, Primary Health Care

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A position statement on screening and management of prediabetes in adults in primary care in Australia

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