Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Open accessAbstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, with an imbalance in the secretion of adipokines and, worsening insulin resistance. Supplementation with n-3 PUFA in T2DM decreases inflammatory markers, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on adipokines, metabolic control, and lipid profile in T2DM Mexican adults. Methods: In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, 54 patients with T2DM received 520 mg of DHA + EPA-enriched fish-oil (FOG) or a placebo (PG) daily. Baseline and 24-week anthropometric and biochemical measurements included glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac), leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and lipid profile; n-3 PUFA intake was calculated in g/day. Results: Waist circumference and blood glucose showed significant reductions in the FOG group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). Hb1Ac (p = 0.009 and p = 0.004), leptin (p < 0.000 and p < 0.000), and leptin/adiponectin ratio (p < 0.000 and p < 0.000) decreased significantly in both groups after 24 weeks (FOG and PG respectively). Serum resistin (FOG p < 0.000 and PG p = 0.001), insulin (FOG p < 0.000 and PG p < 0.000), and HOMA-IR (FOG p = 0.000 and PG p < 0.000) increased significantly in both groups. FOG had an overall improvement in the lipid profile with a significant decrease in triacylgycerols (p = 0.002) and atherogenic index (p = 0.031); in contrast, the PG group had increased total cholesterol (p < 0.000), non-HDL cholesterol (p < 0.000), and atherogenic index (p = 0.017). Conclusions: We found a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on waist circumference, glucose, Hb1Ac, leptin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, and lipid profile, without significant changes in adiponectin, and increases in resistin, insulin, and HOMA-IR in both groups.
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- Authors
- Jacobo-Cejudo, M. G., Valdés-Ramos, R., Guadarrama-López, A. L., Pardo-Morales, R.-V., Martínez-Carrillo, B. E., & Harbige, L. S.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (MX)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, Toluca 50180, Mexico
- Instlituto Materno-Infantil del Estado de México, Paseo Colón s/n, Col. Villa Hogar, Toluca 50170, Mexico
- London Metropolitan University (GB)
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-06-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 573
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5490552
- OpenAlex
- W2621390856
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 7.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- London Met Repository (London Metropolitan University) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Institutional Repository (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) (212946)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil supplementation, adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, lipid profile, atherogenic index, waist circumference, low-grade inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anthropometry, Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin, Male, Mexico, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Mental Recall, Triglycerides, Biomarkers, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Nutrition Assessment, Single-Blind Method, Dietary Supplements, Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin
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