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Cited by 23Muscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and TrainingBiochemical effects in animals

Hematological and Hemodynamic Responses to Acute and Short-Term Creatine Nitrate Supplementation

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Dalton, Ryan, Sowinski, Ryan, Grubic, Tyler, Collins, Patrick, Coletta, Adriana, Reyes, Aimee, Sanchez, Brittany, Koozehchian, Majid +6 more·2017·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu9121359PMC PMC5748809
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Abstract

In a double-blind, crossover, randomized and placebo-controlled trial; 28 men and women ingested a placebo (PLA), 3 g of creatine nitrate (CNL), and 6 g of creatine nitrate (CNH) for 6 days. Participants repeated the experiment with the alternate supplements after a 7-day washout. Hemodynamic responses to a postural challenge, fasting blood samples, and bench press, leg press, and cycling time trial performance and recovery were assessed. Data were analyzed by univariate, multivariate, and repeated measures general linear models (GLM). No significant differences were found among treatments for hemodynamic responses, clinical blood markers or self-reported side effects. After 5 days of supplementation, one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press improved significantly for CNH (mean change, 95% CI; 6.1 [3.5, 8.7] kg) but not PLA (0.7 [−1.6, 3.0] kg or CNL (2.0 [−0.9, 4.9] kg, CNH, p = 0.01). CNH participants also tended to experience an attenuated loss in 1RM strength during the recovery performance tests following supplementation on day 5 (PLA: −9.3 [−13.5, −5.0], CNL: −9.3 [−13.5, −5.1], CNH: −3.9 [−6.6, −1.2] kg, p = 0.07). After 5 days, pre-supplementation 1RM leg press values increased significantly, only with CNH (24.7 [8.8, 40.6] kg, but not PLA (13.9 [−15.7, 43.5] or CNL (14.6 [−0.5, 29.7]). Further, post-supplementation 1RM leg press recovery did not decrease significantly for CNH (−13.3 [−31.9, 5.3], but did for PLA (−30.5 [−53.4, −7.7] and CNL (−29.0 [−49.5, −8.4]). CNL treatment promoted an increase in bench press repetitions at 70% of 1RM during recovery on day 5 (PLA: 0.4 [−0.8, 1.6], CNL: 0.9 [0.35, 1.5], CNH: 0.5 [−0.2, 0.3], p = 0.56), greater leg press endurance prior to supplementation on day 5 (PLA: −0.2 [−1.6, 1.2], CNL: 0.9 [0.2, 1.6], CNH: 0.2 [−0.5, 0.9], p = 0.25) and greater leg press endurance during recovery on day 5 (PLA: −0.03 [−1.2, 1.1], CNL: 1.1 [0.3, 1.9], CNH: 0.4 [−0.4, 1.2], p = 0.23). Cycling time trial performance (4 km) was not affected. Results indicate that creatine nitrate supplementation, up to a 6 g dose, for 6 days, appears to be safe and provide some ergogenic benefit.

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  • Dalton and colleagues reported that ingesting 3 and 6 g/day of creatine nitrate for 5 days significantly improved some measures of strength and muscle endurance compared to placebo.

    “Dalton and colleagues [36] reported that ingesting 3 and 6 g/day of CrN for 5 days significantly improved some measures of strength and muscle endurance compared to placebo.”

    From Bioavailability, Efficacy, Safety, and Regulatory Status of Creatine and Related Compounds: A Critical Review (2022) · cites this paper as [36]

    The Results (§4.3) report improvements after five days in some strength and endurance measures with creatine nitrate. But they report no significant treatment-by-time effects for those measures, and the observed leg-press endurance increase was not different among treatments. The claim overstates the evidence by saying both doses significantly improved those measures compared with placebo. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • Dalton et al. reported that ingestion of up to 6 g of creatine nitrate for 6 days does not negatively affect resting hemodynamics, response to a postural challenge, the ability to perform high-intensity exercise, or clinical chemistry profiles.

    “Dalton et al. [36] reported that ingestion of up to 6 g of CrN for 6 days does not negatively affect resting hemodynamics, response to a postural challenge, the ability to perform high-intensity exercise, or clinical chemistry profiles.”

    From Bioavailability, Efficacy, Safety, and Regulatory Status of Creatine and Related Compounds: A Critical Review (2022) · cites this paper as [36]

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Authors
Dalton, R., Sowinski, R., Grubic, T., Collins, P., Coletta, A., Reyes, A., Sanchez, B., Koozehchian, M., Jung, Y., Rasmussen, C., Greenwood, M., Murano, P., Earnest, C., & Kreider, R.
Affiliations
Texas A&M University (US)
Corresponding author
Kreider, Richard
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2017-12-15
Volume
9
Issue
12
Pages
1359
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu9121359
PMC
PMC5748809
OpenAlex
W2775438327
Cited by
23
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
FWCI
0.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Nutrabolt
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biochemical effects in animals
Keywords
creatine supplementation, acute supplementation, short-term supplementation, hemodynamic response, blood markers, postural challenge, strength performance, bench press, leg press, cycling time trial, recovery performance, post-exercise recovery, adverse effects, dose comparison, sex differences, men and women
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Anthropometry, Bicycling, Body Composition, Creatine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Hemodynamics, Humans, Male, Nitrates, Physical Endurance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Supplements, Muscle Strength, Athletic Performance, Young Adult, Performance-Enhancing Substances

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