Changes in Bone Mineral Content in Male Athletes: Mechanisms of Action and Intervention Effects
Abstract
Objectives To determine changes in bone mineral content (BMC) in male athletes, to examine the mechanisms of changes, and to evaluate the effects of intervention. Design Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) tests were administered over a 2-year period, and calcium loss during training was determined by analysis of sweat and urine. Calcium supplementation was administered during year 2. SETTING--A midsouth university. Participants Eleven members of a college Division I-A basketball team. Intervention Based on observed calcium loss, athletes received differential levels of calcium supplementation. Intervention commenced the week prior to the fall training season and continued through postseason play. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Changes in BMC. Results Total body BMC decreased 3.8% from preseason to midseason of year 1 (mean decrease, 133.4 g, P = .02), increased nonsignificantly by 1.1% (mean increase, 35.3 g, P = .22) during the offseason, but decreased an additional 3.3% during summer months when practices resumed (mean decrease, 113.1 g, P = .01). Dermal calcium loss averaged 247 mg [corrected] per training session. From preseason to late summer, there was an overall decrease of 6.1% in total BMC and a 10.5% decrease in BMC of the legs. Calcium supplementation was associated with significant increases in BMC and lean body mass. Conclusions Bone loss is calcium related and exercise is positively related to BMC provided that calcium intake is sufficient to offset dermal loss.
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Some initial studies seemed to indicate a conservation of sweat trace mineral concentrations with heat acclimation and even throughout the course of a single bout of exercise.
“Some initial studies seemed to indicate a conservation of sweat trace mineral concentrations with heat acclimation (Chinevere et al. 2008; Hoshi et al. 2002; Klesges et al. 1996) and even throughout the course of a single bout of exercise (DeRuisseau et al. 2002; Montain et al. 2007; Waller and Haymes 1996).”
From Physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition (2020) · cites this paper as Klesges et al. 1996
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- Authors
- Klesges, R. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Memphis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Klesges, Robert C.
- ORCID
- Klesges, Robert C.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1996-07-17
- Volume
- 276
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 226
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2043167036
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 7.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Keywords
- bone mineral content, male athletes, basketball players, calcium loss, urinary calcium, calcium supplementation, exercise and bone, bone loss, lean body mass, seasonal variation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Body Composition, Calcium, Calcium Carbonate, Calcium, Dietary, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Sports, Sweat, Vitamin D, Exercise, Absorptiometry, Photon, Bone Density
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