Chemical Composition and Histochemical Localization of Essential Oil from Wild and Cultivated Rhaponticum carthamoides Roots and Rhizomes
Open accessAbstract
Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin is not only a source of phytosteroids and flavonoids, but is also source of essential oil (EO). This study evaluated the volatile metabolic constituents and histochemical localization of root and rhizome essential oils (EOs) from R. carthamoides populations wild-grown in Russia and cultivated in Bulgaria. The performed histochemical analysis confirmed the presence of lipophilic substances in the secretory ducts of the examined roots and rhizomes. Both EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and further analyzed by gas chromatography with mass detection. The results showed differences between the chemical compositions of both EOs. Forty-six components were tentatively identified in R. carthamoides oil from the wild population, with β-selinene (4.77%), estragole (6.32%), D-carvone (6.37%), cyperene (8.78%), and ledene oxide (11.52%) being the major constituents. In the EO isolated from cultivated R. carthamoides, twenty-three compounds were tentatively identified, with humulene (7.68%), β-elemene (10.76%), humulene-1,2-epoxide (11.55%), ledene oxide (13.50%), and δ-elemene (19.08%) predominating. This is the first report describing the histolocalization and chemical profile of EO from R. carthamoides cultivated in Bulgaria. Further research on the cultivation of R. carthamoides in Bulgaria would affect the relationship between its chemical composition and pharmacological effects.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Rhaponticum carthamoides roots are a source of essential oil with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.
“Moreover, R. carthamoides roots are a source of essential oil, which is characterized by antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects [13,107,114,115,116,117].”
From Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition (2024) · cites this paper as [115]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
Skała, E., Rijo, P., Garcia, C., Sitarek, P., Kalemba, D., Toma, M., Szemraj, J., Pytel, D., Wysokińska, H., & Śliwiński, T. (2016) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2016/8505384 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
RetractedPietta, P. (2000) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np9904509 · Cited by 4,881 · see citing works
NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database 69
Linstrom, P. (1997) · National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) · doi:10.18434/t4d303 · Cited by 1,656 · see citing works
Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants: volatile components and essential oils
Figueiredo, A. C., Barroso, J. G., Pedro, L. G., & Scheffer, J. J. C. (2008) · Flavour and Fragrance Journal · doi:10.1002/ffj.1875 · Cited by 1,377 · see citing works
Chrysargyris, A., Panayiotou, C., & Tzortzakis, N. (2016) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.067 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Practical uses for ecdysteroids in mammals including humans: and update
Lafont, R., & Dinan, L. (2003) · Journal of Insect Science · doi:10.1093/jis/3.1.7 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Practical uses for ecdysteroids in mammals including humans: And update
Lafont, R., & Dinan, L. (2003) · Journal of Insect Science · doi:10.1673/031.003.0701 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Plant Microtechniques and Protocols
Yeung, E. C.-T., Stasolla, C., Sumner, M., & Huang, B. Q. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19944-3 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Plant Adaptogens—History and Future Perspectives
Todorova, V., Ivanov, K., Delattre, C., Nalbantova, V., Karcheva-Bahchevanska, D., & Ivanova, S. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13082861 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationChemistry and Pharmacology of Rhaponticum carthamoides: A Review
Kokoska, L., & Janovska, D. (2009) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.04.008 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Additional minor ecdysteroid components of Leuzea carthamoides
Buděšínský, M., Vokáč, K., Harmatha, J., & Cvačka, J. (2008) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2007.12.021 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Dinçer, C., Topuz, A., Nadeem, H. Ş., Özdemir, K. S., Çam, İ. B., Tontul, İ., Göktürk, R. S., & Ay, S. T. (2012) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.02.032 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Minor Ecdysteroid Components of Leuzea carthamoides
Vokáč, K., Buděšı́nský, M., & Harmatha, J. (2002) · Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications · doi:10.1135/cccc20020124 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Todorova, V., Ivanov, K., & Ivanova, S. (2021) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants11010064 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationAnatomy of the Vegetative Organs and Secretory Structures of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Asteraceae)
ŁOTOCKA, B., & GESZPRYCH, A. (2004) · Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2003.00251.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Zubek, S., Stefanowicz, A. M., Błaszkowski, J., Niklińska, M., & Seidler-Łożykowska, K. (2012) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.04.008 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Havlik, J., Budesinsky, M., Kloucek, P., Kokoska, L., Valterova, I., Vasickova, S., & Zeleny, V. (2009) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.12.018 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Файзиева, С. Х., Khushbaktova, Z. A., Syrov, V. N., Yuldashev, M. P., Batirov, É. K., & Сагдуллаев, Ш. Ш. (1999) · Chemistry of Natural Compounds · doi:10.1007/bf02234922 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ecdysterone and its Activity on some Degenerative Diseases
Cahlíková, L., Macáková, K., Chlebek, J., Hošťálková, A., Kulhánková, A., & Opletal, L. (2011) · Natural Product Communications · doi:10.1177/1934578x1100600527 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Two Flavonol 5-O-Glycosides from the Roots of Leuzea carthamoides
Sharaf, M., Skiba, A., Weglarz, Z., & El-Ansari, M. A. (2001) · Fitoterapia · doi:10.1016/s0367-326x(01)00316-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
(2002) · Herba Polonica · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A Guide to the Study of Plant Structure with Emphasis on Living Specimens
Yeung, E. C.-T. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19944-3_1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition
Todorova, V., Ivanova, S., Chakarov, D., Kraev, K., & Ivanov, K. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16091382 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationZendrato, H. M., & Masruchin, N. (2026) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2026.121160 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The evolutionary journey of essential oils: From synthesis to biomedical applications
Dai, X., Lin, W., Wu, K., Cheng, G., Wan, N., Chen, T., & Wu, Z. (2026) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112465 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Correction of Micronutrient Status in Women of the North Caucasus Using Phytoadaptogens
Muradov, M. L., Surgaev, R. R., Kartoyev, M. M., Rashipova, M. R., Shinkarova, A. M., Khidirova, L. R., Kosenko, V. V., Gelyastanova, M. M., Kantaeva, Y. S., & Akhmedova, A. P. (2026) · Journal Of Biochemical Technology · doi:10.51847/skhjdkcfyp · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Todorova, V., Ivanova, S., Georgieva, Y., Nalbantova, V., Karcheva-Bahchevanska, D., Benbassat, N., Savova, M. S., Georgiev, M. I., & Ivanov, K.
- Affiliations
- Medical University Plovdiv (BG)
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BG)
- Corresponding author
- Todorova, Velislava
- ORCID
- Venue
- Plants
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-08-06
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 2061
- ISSN
- 2223-7747 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9370539
- OpenAlex
- W4292451750
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Plants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant chemical constituents analysis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
- Keywords
- Rhaponticum carthamoides, essential oils, chemical composition, histochemical localization, secretory ducts, roots and rhizomes, wild vs cultivated populations, β-selinene, estragole, D-carvone, cyperene, humulene, β-elemene, δ-elemene, volatile compounds
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
