The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil‐Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities
Open accessAbstract
The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil‐grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC‐MS method. In the both essential oils 62 compounds were identified. The root essential oils showed the differences in the qualitative and quantitative composition. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (55–62%) dominated in both essential oils. The major compounds of HR essential oil were cyperene, 13‐norcypera‐1(5),11(12)‐diene, and cadalene while aplotaxene, nardosina‐1(10),11‐diene, and dauca‐4(11),8‐diene dominated in SGR essential oil. Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α and the ROS level in LPS‐treatment astrocytes. This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS‐induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil‐grown plants.
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Rhaponticum carthamoides roots are a source of essential oil with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.
“Moreover, R. carthamoides roots are a source of essential oil, which is characterized by antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects [13,107,114,115,116,117].”
From Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition (2024) · cites this paper as [114]
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- Authors
- Skała, E., Rijo, P., Garcia, C., Sitarek, P., Kalemba, D., Toma, M., Szemraj, J., Pytel, D., Wysokińska, H., & Śliwiński, T.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Lodz (PL)
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- Lodz University of Technology (PL)
- University of Łódź (PL)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Skała, Ewa
- ORCID
- Venue
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 2016
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8505384-8505384
- ISSN
- 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
- 1942-0900
- PMC
- PMC5203915
- OpenAlex
- W2565341942
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Update notices
- retraction (2026-07-30)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi (503/3-012-01/503-31-001)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
- Keywords
- Rhaponticum carthamoides, essential oils, hairy roots, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, chemical composition, antibacterial activity, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, astrocytes, reactive oxygen species, IL-1β, interleukin-6, TNF-α
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Infective Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Astrocytes, Candida albicans, Cell Line, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Lipopolysaccharides, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Oils, Volatile, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Reactive Oxygen Species, Plant Roots, Leuzea, Interleukin-1beta
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