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Cited by 36Mangiferin and Mango ExtractsNatural Compound Pharmacology StudiesBioactive natural compounds

An insight into in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and apoptosis induction potential of mangiferin, a bioactive compound derived from mangifera indica

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Yehia, Ramy S., Altwaim, Sarah A.·2023·Plants
DOI 10.3390/plants12071539PMC PMC10096949
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Abstract

Due to their low cost, toxicity, and health risks, medicinal plants have come to be seen as useful products and sources of biologically active compounds. Mangifera indica L., a medicinal plant with a long history, has a high bioactive metabolites content. Mangiferin (C19H18O11) is primary isolated from M. indica’s leaves, which has many pharmacological benefits. In this investigation, ultrasonic-assisted extraction with ethanol as the extraction solvent was applied to obtain mangiferin from a local type of M. indica leaves. HPLC was performed after a dichloromethane-ethyl acetate liquid–liquid fractionation method. Further, UV–vis, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy were utilized to elucidate the structure. Interestingly, purified mangiferin displayed promising antimicrobial efficacy against a diverse variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens with MICs of 1.95–62.5 and 1.95–31.25 µg/mL, respectively. Time–kill patterns also showed that mangiferin had both bactericidal and fungicidal action. Furthermore, it exhibited strong radical dosage-dependent scavenging activity (IC50 = 17.6 μg/mL) compared to vitamin C (Vc, IC50 = 11.9 μg/mL), suggesting it could be developed into a viable antioxidant agent. To our delight, the IC50 values of mangiferin for the MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines were 41.2 and 44.7 μg/mL, respectively, from MTT cell viability testing, and it was less harmful when tested against the noncancerous cell line. Notably, it significantly induced cell apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by 62.2–83.4% using annexin V-FITC/PI labeling. Hence, our findings suggest that mangiferin can be used in the medical industry to create therapeutic interventions and medication delivery systems for society.

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  • MGF isolated from indica rice leaves exhibits potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against diverse fungal and bacterial pathogens, with MIC values of 1.95-62.5 and 1.95-31.25 μg/ml, respectively.

    “MGF isolated from indica rice leaves has various pharmacological benefits; notably, it exhibits potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against diverse fungal and bacterial pathogens, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.95-62.5 and 1.95-31.25 μg/ml, respectively (7).”

    From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Conclusions report broad in vitro activity against bacteria and Candida species, but identify the source as Mangifera indica leaves, not indica rice leaves. They assign MIC ranges of 1.95–62.5 µg/mL to bacteria and 1.95–31.25 µg/mL to fungi—the reverse of the citing sentence. The Results (section 2.3) corroborate that assignment, although the paper’s abstract also reverses the ranges. (LLM, conf=0.89)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • MGF exerts protective effects across a broad spectrum of pathological conditions, including inflammatory, neurodegenerative, ocular, renal, cardiovascular, dermatological and infectious diseases.

    “In addition to its well-characterized roles in diabetes and cancer, MGF exerts protective effects across a broad spectrum of pathological conditions. These include inflammatory, neurodegenerative, ocular, renal, cardiovascular, dermatological and infectious diseases (7,36,106,115-118).”

    From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Introduction describes mangiferin as anti-inflammatory and antiviral, and Results and Discussion §2.3 reports in vitro activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The cited paper does not establish protective effects of mangiferin in ocular, renal, cardiovascular, dermatological, or neurodegenerative diseases; its antimicrobial findings also do not demonstrate protection from infectious disease in patients. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Yehia, R. S., & Altwaim, S. A.
Affiliations
  • Cairo University (EG)
  • King Abdulaziz University (SA)
Corresponding author
Yehia, Ramy S.
ORCID
Venue
Plants
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-04-03
Volume
12
Issue
7
Pages
1539
ISSN
2223-7747 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/plants12071539
PMC
PMC10096949
OpenAlex
W4362583334
Cited by
36
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 3
FWCI
11.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Plants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
the Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia (GRANT3162)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Mangiferin and Mango Extracts
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioactive natural compounds
Keywords
mangiferin, mango, antimicrobial activity, antifungal activity, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, MCF-7 cells, HeLa cells, ultrasound-assisted extraction, time-kill kinetics, minimum inhibitory concentration

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