Reducing heavy metal contamination in soil and water using phytoremediation
Open accessAbstract
The increase in industrialization has led to an exponential increase in heavy metal (HM) soil contamination, which poses a serious threat to public health and ecosystem stability. This review emphasizes the urgent need to develop innovative technologies for the environmental remediation of intensive anthropogenic pollution. Phytoremediation is a sustainable and cost-effective approach for the detoxification of contaminated soils using various plant species. This review discusses in detail the basic principles of phytoremediation and emphasizes its ecological advantages over other methods for cleaning contaminated areas and its technical viability. Much attention has been given to the selection of hyperaccumulator plants for phytoremediation that can grow on heavy metal-contaminated soils, and the biochemical mechanisms that allow these plants to isolate, detoxify, and accumulate heavy metals are discussed in detail. The novelty of our study lies in reviewing the mechanisms of plant-microorganism interactions that greatly enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation as well as in discussing genetic modifications that could revolutionize the cleanup of contaminated soils. Moreover, this manuscript discusses potential applications of phytoremediation beyond soil detoxification, including its role in bioenergy production and biodiversity restoration in degraded habitats. This review concludes by listing the serious problems that result from anthropogenic environmental pollution that future generations still need to overcome and suggests promising research directions in which the integration of nano- and biotechnology will play an important role in enhancing the effectiveness of phytoremediation. These contributions are critical for environmental scientists, policy makers, and practitioners seeking to utilize phytoremediation to maintain the ecological stability of the environment and its restoration.
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Hyperaccumulator plants can improve soil quality by removing toxic elements, making land safer for agriculture.
“On one hand, they can improve soil quality by removing toxic elements, making land safer for agriculture (Zhakypbek et al., 2024).”
From Plant hyperaccumulators: a state-of-the-art review on mechanism of heavy metal transport and sequestration (2025) · cites this paper as Zhakypbek et al., 2024
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Flagged first, then by citations
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“On one hand, they can improve soil quality by removing toxic elements, making land safer for agriculture (Zhakypbek et al., 2024).”
- Authors
- Zhakypbek, Y., Kossalbayev, B. D., Belkozhayev, A. M., Murat, T., Tursbekov, S., Abdalimov, E., Pashkovskiy, P., Kreslavski, V., Kuznetsov, V., & Allakhverdiev, S. I.
- Affiliations
- Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy, Institute Mining and Metallurgical Institute named after O.A. Baikonurov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan
- Ahmet Yesevi University (KZ)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan
- Department of Agronomy and Forestry, Faculty of Agrotechnology, Kozybayev University, Petropavlovsk 150000, Kazakhstan
- Satbayev University (KZ)
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
- Corresponding author
- Pashkovskiy, Pavel
- ORCID
- Venue
- Plants
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-06-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1534
- ISSN
- 2223-7747 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11174537
- OpenAlex
- W4399293397
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 11
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Plants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP19576993, 122042700044-6, 122050400128-1)
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (AP19576993, 122042700044-6, 122050400128-1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Keywords
- phytoremediation, heavy metal contamination, soil remediation, hyperaccumulator plants, plant-microbe interactions, transgenic plants, bioenergy production, biodiversity restoration, nanotechnology, biotechnology, anthropogenic pollution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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