CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 155Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applicationsCollagen: Extraction and Characterization3D Printing in Biomedical Research

Collagen–Alginate Composite Hydrogel: Application in Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Sciences

Open access
Hu, Tingyu, Lo, Amy C. Y.·2021·Polymers
DOI 10.3390/polym13111852PMC PMC8199729
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Alginate (ALG), a polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, has been extensively investigated as a biomaterial not only in tissue engineering but also for numerous biomedical sciences owing to its wide availability, good compatibility, weak cytotoxicity, low cost, and ease of gelation. Nevertheless, alginate lacks cell-binding sites, limiting long-term cell survival and viability in 3D culture. Collagen (Col), a major component protein found in the extracellular matrix (ECM), exhibits excellent biocompatibility and weak immunogenicity. Furthermore, collagen contains cell-binding motifs, which facilitate cell attachment, interaction, and spreading, consequently maintaining cell viability and promoting cell proliferation. Recently, there has been a growing body of investigations into collagen-based hydrogel trying to overcome the poor mechanical properties of collagen. In particular, collagen–alginate composite (CAC) hydrogel has attracted much attention due to its excellent biocompatibility, gelling under mild conditions, low cytotoxicity, controllable mechanic properties, wider availability as well as ease of incorporation of other biomaterials and bioactive agents. This review aims to provide an overview of the properties of alginate and collagen. Moreover, the application of CAC hydrogel in tissue engineering and biomedical sciences is also discussed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/polym13111852

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Functionalization with bioactive peptides such as RGD motifs, anti-inflammatory agents, and growth factors has been explored to optimize alginate materials for clinical use.

    “Functionalization with bioactive peptides, such as Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motifs, has also been explored to further optimize these materials for clinical use, as has the incorporation of anti-inflammatory agents and growth factors [180].”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [180]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 165

  1. [2]Huebsch N. Mooney D.J. Inspiration and application in the evolution of biomaterials Nature 2009 462 426 432 10.1038/nature08601 19940912 PMC2848528 · DOI
  2. [3]Ratner B.D. Bryant S.J. Biomaterials: Where we have been and where we are going Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2004 6 41 75 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.6.040803.140027 15255762 · DOI · Paper page
  3. [4]Ullah S. Chen X. Fabrication, applications and challenges of natural biomaterials in tissue engineering Appl. Mater. Today 2020 20 100656 10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100656 · DOI
  4. [5]Porter R.M. Akers R.M. Howard R.D. Forsten-Williams K. Alginate encapsulation impacts the insulin-like growth factor-I system of monolayer-expanded equine articular chondrocytes and cell response to interleukin-1 beta Tissue Eng. 2007 13 1333 1345 10.1089/ten.2006.0345 17518712 · DOI
  5. [6]Wee S. Gombotz W.R. Protein release from alginate matrices Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1998 31 267 285 10837629
  6. [7]Kim W.S. Mooney D.J. Arany P.R. Lee K. Huebsch N. Kim J. Adipose tissue engineering using injectable, oxidized alginate hydrogels Tissue Eng. Part A 2012 18 737 743 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0250 22011105 · DOI
  7. [8]Suzuki Y. Nishimura Y. Tanihara M. Suzuki K. Nakamura T. Shimizu Y. Yamawaki Y. Kakimaru Y. Evaluation of a novel alginate gel dressing: Cytotoxicity to fibroblasts in vitro and foreign-body reaction in pig skin in vivo J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1998 39 317 322 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199802)39:2<317::AID-JBM20>3.0.CO;2-8 9457563 · DOI · Paper page
  8. [9]Peters M.C. Polverini P.J. Mooney D.J. Engineering vascular networks in porous polymer matrices J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2002 60 668 678 10.1002/jbm.10134 11948526 · DOI
  9. [10]You J.O. Liu Y.C. Peng C.A. Efficient gene transfection using chitosan-alginate core-shell nanoparticles Int. J. Nanomed. 2006 1 173 180 10.2147/nano.2006.1.2.173 PMC2426794 17722533 · DOI
  10. [11]Lee K.Y. Mooney D.J. Alginate: Properties and biomedical applications Prog. Polym. Sci. 2012 37 106 126 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003 22125349 PMC3223967 · DOI
  11. [12]Lee J.W. Juliano R. Mitogenic signal transduction by integrin—And growth factor receptor—Mediated pathways Mol. Cells 2004 17 188 202 15179030
  12. [13]Burgeson R.E. Nimni M.E. Collagen types—Molecular-structure and tissue Distribution Clin. Orthop. Relat. R. 1992 282 250 272 1516320
  13. [14]Ramachandran G.N. Structure of collagen at the molecular level Treatise on Collagen Ramachandran G.N. Academic Press New York, NJ, USA 1967 103 183
  14. [15]Chattopadhyay S. Raines R.T. Collagen-based biomaterials for wound healing Biopolymers 2014 101 821 833 10.1002/bip.22486 24633807 PMC4203321 · DOI · Paper page
  15. [16]Hesse E. Hefferan T.E. Tarara J.E. Haasper C. Meller R. Krettek C. Lu L.C. Yaszemski M.J. Collagen type I hydrogel allows migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 2010 94 442 449 10.1002/jbm.a.32696 20186733 PMC2891839 · DOI
  16. [17]Lynn A.K. Yannas I.V. Bonfield W. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of collagen J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B 2004 71B 343 354 10.1002/jbm.b.30096 15386396 · DOI
  17. [18]Radhakrishnan S. Nagarajan S. Bechelany M. Kalkura S.N. Collagen based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications: A review Processes and Phenomena on the Boundary between Biogenic and Abiogenic Nature—Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences Frank-Kamenetskaya O. Vlasov D. Panova E. Lessovaia S. Springer Cham, Switzerland 2020 3 22
  18. [19]Antoine E.E. Vlachos P.P. Rylander M.N. Review of collagen i hydrogels for bioengineered tissue microenvironments: Characterization of mechanics, structure, and transport Tissue Eng. Part B Rev. 2014 20 683 696 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0086 24923709 PMC4241868 · DOI · Paper page
  19. [20]Heino J. Cellular signaling by collagen-binding integrins I Domain Integrins 2014 819 143 155 25023173
  20. [21]Holder A.J. Badiei N. Hawkins K. Wright C. Williams P.R. Curtis D.J. Control of collagen gel mechanical properties through manipulation of gelation conditions near the sol-gel transition Soft Matter 2018 14 574 580 10.1039/C7SM01933E 29334392 · DOI
  21. [22]Wong F.S.Y. Wong C.C.H. Chan B.P. Lo A.C.Y. Sustained delivery of bioactive GDNF from collagen and alginate-based cell-encapsulating gel promoted photoreceptor survival in an inherited retinal degeneration model PLoS ONE 2016 11 e0159342 10.1371/journal.pone.0159342 27441692 PMC4956057 · DOI
  22. [23]Wong F.S.Y. Tsang K.K. Chu A.M.W. Chan B.P. Yao K.M. Lo A.C.Y. Injectable cell-encapsulating composite alginate-collagen platform with inducible termination switch for safer ocular drug delivery Biomaterials 2019 201 53 67 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.032 30797114 · DOI
  23. [24]Liu W.G. Griffith M. Li F.F. Alginate microsphere-collagen composite hydrogel for ocular drug delivery and implantation J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2008 19 3365 3371 10.1007/s10856-008-3486-2 18545941 · DOI
  24. [25]Moxon S.R. Corbett N.J. Fisher K. Potjewyd G. Domingos M. Hooper N.M. Blended alginate/collagen hydrogels promote neurogenesis and neuronal maturation Mat. Sci. Eng. C 2019 104 109904 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109904 PMC6873778 31499954 · DOI
  25. [26]Ledo A.M. Vining K.H. Alonso M.J. Garcia-Fuentes M. Mooney D.J. Extracellular matrix mechanics regulate transfection and SOX9-directed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells Acta Biomater. 2020 110 153 163 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.027 32417266 PMC7291356 · DOI
  26. [28]Smidsrod O. Skjakbraek G. Alginate as immobilization matrix for cells Trends Biotechnol. 1990 8 71 78 10.1016/0167-7799(90)90139-O 1366500 · DOI
  27. [30]Remminghorst U. Rehm B.H.A. Bacterial alginates: From biosynthesis to applications Biotechnol. Lett. 2006 28 1701 1712 10.1007/s10529-006-9156-x 16912921 · DOI
  28. [31]Martinsen A. Skjakbraek G. Smidsrod O. Alginate as immobilization material.1. Correlation between chemical and physical-properties of alginate gel beads Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1989 33 79 89 10.1002/bit.260330111 18587846 · DOI
  29. [32]Tonnesen H.H. Karlsen J. Alginate in drug delivery systems Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2002 28 621 630 10.1081/DDC-120003853 12149954 · DOI
  30. [33]George M. Abraham T.E. Polyionic hydrocolloids for the intestinal delivery of protein drugs: Alginate and chitosan—A review J. Control. Release 2006 114 1 14 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.017 16828914 · DOI · Paper page
  31. [34]LeRoux M.A. Guilak F. Setton L.A. Compressive and shear properties of alginate gel: Effects of sodium ions and alginate concentration J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1999 47 46 53 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199910)47:1<46::AID-JBM6>3.0.CO;2-N 10400879 · DOI
  32. [35]Kong H.J. Smith M.K. Mooney D.J. Designing alginate hydrogels to maintain viability of immobilized cells Biomaterials 2003 24 4023 4029 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00295-3 12834597 · DOI
  33. [36]Orive G. Carcaboso A.M. Hernandez R.M. Gascon A.R. Pedraz J.L. Biocompatibility evaluation of different alginates and alginate-based microcapsules Biomacromolecules 2005 6 927 931 10.1021/bm049380x 15762661 · DOI
  34. [37]Lee J. Lee K.Y. Local and sustained vascular endothelial growth factor delivery for angiogenesis using an injectable system Pharm Res. 2009 26 1739 1744 10.1007/s11095-009-9884-4 19384466 · DOI
  35. [39]Grant G.T. Morris E.R. Rees D.A. Smith P.J.C. Thom D. Biological interactions between polysaccharides and divalent cations—Egg-box model FEBS Lett. 1973 32 195 198 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80770-7 · DOI
  36. [40]Kuo C.K. Ma P.X. Ionically cross-linked alginate hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering: Part 1. Structure, gelation rate and mechanical properties Biomaterials 2001 22 511 521 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00201-5 11219714 · DOI
  37. [41]Abasalizadeh F. Moghaddam S.V. Alizadeh E. Akbari E. Kashani E. Fazljou S.M.B. Torbati M. Akbarzadeh A. Alginate-based hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles in cancer treatment and their applications in wound dressing and 3D bioprinting J. Biol. Eng. 2020 14 8 10.1186/s13036-020-0227-7 32190110 PMC7069202 · DOI
  38. [42]Mourino V. Newby P. Pishbin F. Cattalini J.P. Lucangioli S. Boccaccini A.R. Physicochemical, biological and drug-release properties of gallium cross-linked alginate/nanoparticulate bioactive glass composite films Soft Matter 2011 7 6705 6712 10.1039/c1sm05331k · DOI
  39. [44]Chitambar C.R. Gallium and its competing roles with iron in biological systems BBA Mol. Cell Res. 2016 1863 2044 2053 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.04.027 27150508 · DOI
  40. [45]Rastin H. Ramezanpour M. Hassan K. Mazinani A. Tung T.T. Vreugde S. Losic D. 3D bioprinting of a cell-laden antibacterial polysaccharide hydrogel composite Carbohydr. Polym. 2021 264 117989 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117989 33910727 · DOI
  41. [46]Parenteau-Bareil R. Gauvin R. Berthod F. Collagen-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications Materials 2010 3 1863 1887 10.3390/ma3031863 · DOI
  42. [47]Vanderrest M. Garrone R. Collagen family of proteins FASEB J. 1991 5 2814 2823 10.1096/fasebj.5.13.1916105 1916105 · DOI
  43. [48]Prockop D.J. Kivirikko K.I. Collagens—Molecular-Biology, diseases, and potentials for therapy Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1995 64 403 434 10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.002155 7574488 · DOI
  44. [49]Chevallay B. Herbage D. Collagen-based biomaterials as 3D scaffold for cell cultures: Applications for tissue engineering and gene therapy Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 2000 38 211 218 10.1007/BF02344779 10829416 · DOI
  45. [50]Wolf K. Alexander S. Schacht V. Coussens L.M. von Andrian U.H. van Rheenen J. Deryugina E. Friedl P. Collagen-based cell migration models in vitro and in vivo Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 2009 20 931 941 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.08.005 19682592 PMC4021709 · DOI · Paper page
  46. [51]Gelse K. Poschl E. Aigner T. Collagens—structure, function, and biosynthesis Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2003 55 1531 1546 10.1016/j.addr.2003.08.002 14623400 · DOI
  47. [52]Osidak E.O. Kozhukhov V.I. Osidak M.S. Domogatsky S.P. Collagen as bioink for bioprinting: A comprehensive review Int. J. Bioprint. 2020 6 270 33088985 PMC7557346
  48. [53]Badylak S.F. Xenogeneic extracellular matrix as a scaffold for tissue reconstruction Transpl. Immunol. 2004 12 367 377 10.1016/j.trim.2003.12.016 15157928 · DOI · Paper page
  49. [54]Kumar V.A. Taylor N.L. Jalan A.A. Hwang L.K. Wang B.K. Hartgerink J.D. A Nanostructured synthetic collagen mimic for hemostasis Biomacromolecules 2014 15 1484 1490 10.1021/bm500091e 24694012 PMC3993945 · DOI
  50. [55]Xu X. Gan Q.L. Clough R.C. Pappu K.M. Howard J.A. Baez J.A. Wang K. Hydroxylation of recombinant human collagen type I alpha 1 in transgenic maize co-expressed with a recombinant human prolyl 4-hydroxylase BMC Biotechnol. 2011 11 69 10.1186/1472-6750-11-69 21702901 PMC3151215 · DOI
  51. [56]Cooperman L. Michaeli D. The immunogenicity of injectable collagen. II. A retrospective review of seventy-two tested and treated patients J. Am. Acad. Derm. 1984 10 647 651 10.1016/S0190-9622(84)80272-8 6715615 · DOI
  52. [57]Addad S. Exposito J.Y. Faye C. Ricard-Blum S. Lethias C. Isolation, characterization and biological evaluation of jellyfish collagen for use in biomedical applications Mar. Drugs 2011 9 967 983 10.3390/md9060967 21747742 PMC3131555 · DOI
  53. [58]Kim B.S. Choi J.S. Kim J.D. Yoon H.I. Choi Y.C. Cho Y.W. Human collagen isolated from adipose tissue Biotechnol. Prog. 2012 28 973 980 10.1002/btpr.1555 22549937 · DOI
  54. [59]Lauer-Fields J.L. Fields G.B. Triple-helical peptide analysis of collagenolytic protease activity Biol. Chem. 2002 383 1095 1105 10.1515/BC.2002.118 12437092 · DOI
  55. [60]Fields G.B. A Model for interstitial collagen catabolism by mammalian collagenases J. Theor. Biol. 1991 153 585 602 10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80157-2 1666905 · DOI
  56. [61]Aimes R.T. Quigley J.P. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 Is an interstitial collagenase—Inhibitor-Free Enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of collagen fibrils and soluble native type-I collagen generating the specific 3/4-length and 1/4-length fragments J. Biol. Chem. 1995 270 5872 5876 10.1074/jbc.270.11.5872 7890717 · DOI
  57. [62]Ohuchi E. Imai K. Fujii Y. Sato H. Seiki M. Okada Y. Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase digests interstitial collagens and other extracellular matrix macromolecules J. Biol. Chem. 1997 272 2446 2451 10.1074/jbc.272.4.2446 8999957 · DOI · Paper page
  58. [63]Song E. Kim S.Y. Chun T. Byun H.J. Lee Y.M. Collagen scaffolds derived from a marine source and their biocompatibility Biomaterials 2006 27 2951 2961 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.015 16457878 · DOI
  59. [64]Wu X.M. Black L. Santacana-Laffitte G. Patrick C.W. Preparation and assessment of glutaraldehyde-cross-linked collagen-chitosan hydrogels for adipose tissue engineering J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 2007 81A 59 65 10.1002/jbm.a.31003 17109417 · DOI
  60. [65]Powell H.M. Boyce S.T. EDC cross-linking improves skin substitute strength and stability Biomaterials 2006 27 5821 5827 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.07.030 16919327 · DOI
  61. [66]Tu R. Quijano R.C. Lu C.L. Shen S. Wang E. Hata C. Lin D. A preliminary-study of the fixation mechanism of collagen reaction with a polyepoxy fixative Int. J. Artif. Organs 1993 16 537 544 10.1177/039139889301600707 8370609 · DOI
  62. [67]Speer D.P. Chvapil M. Eskelson C.D. Ulreich J. Biological effects of residual glutaraldehyde in glutaraldehyde-tanned collagen biomaterials J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1980 14 753 764 10.1002/jbm.820140607 6820019 · DOI
  63. [68]Weadock K.S. Miller E.J. Bellincampi L.D. Zawadsky J.P. Dunn M.G. Physical cross-linking of collagen fibers: Comparison of ultraviolet irradiation and dehydrothermal treatment J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1995 29 1373 1379 10.1002/jbm.820291108 8582905 · DOI
  64. [69]Zork N.M. Myers K.M. Yoshida K. Cremers S. Jiang H.F. Ananth C.V. Wapner R.J. Kitajewski J. Vink J. A systematic evaluation of collagen cross-links in the human cervix Am. J. Obs. Gynecol. 2015 212 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.09.036 PMC4346506 25281365 · DOI
  65. [70]Haugh M.G. Jaasma M.J. O’Brien F.J. The effect of dehydrothermal treatment on the mechanical and structural properties of collagen-GAG scaffolds J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 2009 89A 363 369 10.1002/jbm.a.31955 18431763 · DOI
  66. [71]Miles C.A. Bailey A.J. Thermally labile domains in the collagen molecule Micron 2001 32 325 332 10.1016/S0968-4328(00)00034-2 11006512 · DOI
  67. [72]Haugh M.G. Murphy C.M. McKiernan R.C. Altenbuchner C. O’Brien F.J. Cross-linking and mechanical properties significantly influence cell attachment, proliferation, and migration within collagen glycosaminoglycan scaffolds Tissue Eng. Part A 2011 17A 1201 1208 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0590 21155630 · DOI
  68. [73]Weadock K.S. Miller E.J. Keuffel E.L. Dunn M.G. Effect of physical cross-linking methods on collagen-fiber durability in proteolytic solutions J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1996 32 221 226 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199610)32:2<221::AID-JBM11>3.0.CO;2-M 8884499 · DOI
  69. [74]Gorham S.D. Light N.D. Diamond A.M. Willins M.J. Bailey A.J. Wess T.J. Leslie N.J. Effect of chemical modifications on the susceptibility of collagen to proteolysis. II. Dehydrothermal cross-linking Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 1992 14 129 138 10.1016/S0141-8130(05)80002-9 1390444 · DOI
  70. [75]Lv H.W. Wang H.P. Zhang Z.J. Yang W. Liu W.B. Li Y.L. Li L.S. Biomaterial stiffness determines stem cell fate Life Sci. 2017 178 42 48 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.04.014 28433510 · DOI
  71. [76]Mitrousis N. Fokina A. Shoichet M.S. Biomaterials for cell transplantation Nat. Rev. Mater. 2018 3 441 456 10.1038/s41578-018-0057-0 · DOI
  72. [77]Velasco-Hogan A. Xu J. Meyers M.A. Additive manufacturing as a method to design and optimize bioinspired structures Adv. Mater. 2018 30 1800940 10.1002/adma.201800940 30133816 · DOI
  73. [78]De Mori A. Fernandez M.P. Blunn G. Tozzi G. Roldo M. 3D printing and electrospinning of composite hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering Polymers 2018 10 285 10.3390/polym10030285 30966320 PMC6414880 · DOI
  74. [79]Nagarajan N. Dupret-Bories A. Karabulut E. Zorlutuna P. Vrana N.E. Enabling personalized implant and controllable biosystem development through 3D printing Biotechnol. Adv. 2018 36 521 533 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.004 29428560 · DOI
  75. [80]Higuchi A. Ling Q.-D. Kumar S.S. Chang Y. Kao T.-C. Munusamy M.A. Alarfaj A.A. Hsu S.-T. Umezawa A. External stimulus-responsive biomaterials designed for the culture and differentiation of ES, iPS, and adult stem cells Prog. Polym. Sci. 2014 39 1585 1613 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.05.001 · DOI
  76. [81]Draget K.I. Skjåk-Bræk G. Smidsrød O. Alginate based new materials Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 1997 21 47 55 10.1016/S0141-8130(97)00040-8 9283015 · DOI
  77. [82]Venkatesan J. Bhatnagar I. Manivasagan P. Kang K.H. Kim S.K. Alginate composites for bone tissue engineering: A review Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015 72 269 281 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.008 25020082 · DOI
  78. [83]You F. Wu X. Zhu N. Lei M. Eames B.F. Chen X. 3D printing of porous cell-laden hydrogel constructs for potential applications in cartilage tissue engineering ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 2016 2 1200 1210 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00258 33465878 · DOI
  79. [84]Luo Y. Wu C. Lode A. Gelinsky M. Hierarchical mesoporous bioactive glass/alginate composite scaffolds fabricated by three-dimensional plotting for bone tissue engineering Biofabrication 2013 5 015005 10.1088/1758-5082/5/1/015005 23228963 · DOI
  80. [85]Kim Y.B. Kim G.H. PCL/alginate composite scaffolds for hard tissue engineering: Fabrication, characterization, and cellular activities ACS Comb. Sci. 2015 17 87 99 10.1021/co500033h 25541639 · DOI
  81. [86]D’Amora U. D’Este M. Eglin D. Safari F. Sprecher C.M. Gloria A. De Santis R. Alini M. Ambrosio L. Collagen density gradient on three-dimensional printed poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for interface tissue engineering J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2018 12 321 329 10.1002/term.2457 28486746 · DOI
  82. [87]Gloria A. Russo T. Rodrigues D.F.L. D’Amora U. Colella F. Improta G. Triassi M. De Santis R. Ambrosio L. From 3D hierarchical scaffolds for tissue engineering to advanced hydrogel-based and complex devices for in situ cell or drug release Procedia CIRP 2016 49 72 75 10.1016/j.procir.2015.07.036 · DOI
  83. [88]Perez R.A. Kim M. Kim T.H. Kim J.H. Lee J.H. Park J.H. Knowles J.C. Kim H.W. Utilizing core-shell fibrous collagen–alginate hydrogel cell delivery system for bone tissue engineering Tissue Eng. Part A 2014 20A 103 114 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0198 23924353 PMC3875185 · DOI
  84. [89]Perez R.A. Kim J.H. Buitrago J.O. Wall I.B. Kim H.W. Novel therapeutic core-shell hydrogel scaffolds with sequential delivery of cobalt and bone morphogenetic protein-2 for synergistic bone regeneration Acta Biomater. 2015 23 295 308 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.06.002 26054564 · DOI
  85. [90]Buitrago J.O. Perez R.A. El-Fiqi A. Singh R.K. Kim J.H. Kim H.W. Core-shell fibrous stem cell carriers incorporating osteogenic nanoparticulate cues for bone tissue engineering Acta Biomater. 2015 28 183 192 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.021 26391494 · DOI
  86. [91]Yao R. Alkhawtani A.Y.F. Chen R.Y. Luang J. Xu M.E. Rapid and efficient in vivo angiogenesis directed by electro-assisted bioprinting of alginate/collagen microspheres with human umbilical vein endothelial cell coating layer Int. J. Bioprint. 2019 5 3 14 10.18063/ijb.v5i2.194 PMC7310271 32596542 · DOI
  87. [92]Lee B.R. Hwang J.W. Choi Y.Y. Wong S.F. Hwang Y.H. Lee D.Y. Lee S.H. In situ formation and collagen–alginate composite encapsulation of pancreatic islet spheroids Biomaterials 2012 33 837 845 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.014 22054535 · DOI
  88. [93]Chan H.F. Zhang Y. Leong K.W. Efficient One-step production of microencapsulated hepatocyte spheroids with enhanced functions Small 2016 12 2720 2730 10.1002/smll.201502932 27038291 PMC4982767 · DOI
  89. [94]San Jose L.H. Stephens P. Song B. Barrow D. Microfluidic encapsulation supports stem cell viability, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation Tissue Eng. Part C Methods 2018 24 158 170 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0368 29258387 PMC5865257 · DOI
  90. [95]Henkel J. Woodruff M.A. Epari D.R. Steck R. Glatt V. Dickinson I.C. Choong P.F.M. Schuetz M.A. Hutmacher D.W. Bone regeneration based on tissue engineering conceptions—A 21st century perspective Bone Res. 2013 1 216 248 10.4248/BR201303002 26273505 PMC4472104 · DOI
  91. [96]Sakiyama-Elbert S.E. Hubbell J.A. Functional biomaterials: Design of novel biomaterials Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2001 31 183 201 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.183 · DOI
  92. [97]Boontheekul T. Kong H.J. Mooney D.J. Controlling alginate gel degradation utilizing partial oxidation and bimodal molecular weight distribution Biomaterials 2005 26 2455 2465 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.06.044 15585248 · DOI
  93. [98]Rico-Llanos G.A. Borrego-Gonzalez S. Moncayo-Donoso M. Becerra J. Visser R. Collagen type I Biomaterials as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Polymers 2021 13 599 10.3390/polym13040599 33671329 PMC7923188 · DOI
  94. [99]Brinkman W.T. Nagapudi K. Thomas B.S. Chaikof E.L. Photo-cross-linking of type I collagen gels in the presence of smooth muscle cells: Mechanical properties, cell viability, and function Biomacromolecules 2003 4 890 895 10.1021/bm0257412 12857069 · DOI
  95. [100]Sionkowska A. Kozlowska J. Properties and modification of porous 3-D collagen/hydroxyapatite composites Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2013 52 250 259 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.10.002 23063427 · DOI · Paper page
  96. [101]Liu X.H. Ma P.X. Polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2004 32 477 486 10.1023/B:ABME.0000017544.36001.8e 15095822 · DOI
  97. [102]Lee C.H. Singla A. Lee Y. Biomedical applications of collagen Int. J. Pharm. 2001 221 1 22 10.1016/S0378-5173(01)00691-3 11397563 · DOI
  98. [104]Bendtsen S.T. Wei M. Synthesis and characterization of a novel injectable alginate-collagen-hydroxyapatite hydrogel for bone tissue regeneration J. Mater. Chem. B 2015 3 3081 3090 10.1039/C5TB00072F 32262508 · DOI
  99. [106]Parmentier L. Riffault M. Hoey D.A. Utilizing osteocyte derived factors to enhance cell viability and osteogenic matrix deposition within IPN hydrogels Materials 2020 13 1690 10.3390/ma13071690 PMC7178658 32260406 · DOI
  100. [107]Perez R.A. Won J.E. Knowles J.C. Kim H.W. Naturally and synthetic smart composite biomaterials for tissue regeneration Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2013 65 471 496 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.009 22465488 · DOI
  101. [108]Quinlan E. Lopez-Noriega A. Thompson E. Kelly H.M. Cryan S.A. O’Brien F.J. Development of collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds incorporating PLGA and alginate microparticles for the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering J. Control. Release 2015 198 71 79 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.11.021 25481441 · DOI
  102. [109]Sotome S. Uemura T. Kikuchi M. Chen J. Itoh S. Tanaka J. Tateishi T. Shinomiya K. Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of a novel hydroxyapatite/collagen–alginate as a bone filler and a drug delivery carrier of bone morphogenetic protein Mat. Sci. Eng. C 2004 24 341 347 10.1016/j.msec.2003.12.003 · DOI
  103. [110]Pak J. Lee J.H. Kartolo W.A. Lee S.H. Cartilage regeneration in human with adipose tissue-derived stem cells: Current status in clinical implications Biomed. Res. Int. 2016 2016 10.1155/2016/4702674 PMC4736810 26881220 · DOI
  104. [111]Zhang L. Zheng L. Fan H.S. Zhang X.D. A scaffold-filter model for studying the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro Mat. Sci. Eng. C 2017 70 962 968 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.015 27772727 · DOI
  105. [112]Roach H.I. Erenpreisa J. Aigner T. Osteogenic differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes involves asymmetric cell divisions and apoptosis J. Cell Biol. 1995 131 483 494 10.1083/jcb.131.2.483 7593173 PMC2199971 · DOI
  106. [113]Domm C. Schunke M. Christesen K. Kurz B. Redifferentiation of dedifferentiated bovine articular chondrocytes in alginate culture under low oxygen tension Osteoarthr. Cartil. 2002 10 13 22 10.1053/joca.2001.0477 11795979 · DOI
  107. [114]Bonaventure J. Kadhom N. Cohensolal L. Ng K.H. Bourguignon J. Lasselin C. Freisinger P. Reexpression of cartilage-specific genes by dedifferentiated human articular chondrocytes cultured in alginate beads Exp. Cell Res. 1994 212 97 104 10.1006/excr.1994.1123 8174647 · DOI
  108. [115]Jin G.Z. Kim H.W. Efficacy of collagen and alginate hydrogels for the prevention of rat chondrocyte dedifferentiation J. Tissue Eng. 2018 9 10.1177/2041731418802438 30305887 PMC6176533 · DOI
  109. [116]Yang X. Lu Z. Wu H. Li W. Zheng L. Zhao J. Collagen–alginate as bioink for three-dimensional (3D) cell printing based cartilage tissue engineering Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2018 83 195 201 10.1016/j.msec.2017.09.002 29208279 · DOI
  110. [117]Chan S.C.W. Ferguson S.J. Gantenbein-Ritter B. The effects of dynamic loading on the intervertebral disc Eur. Spine J. 2011 20 1796 1812 10.1007/s00586-011-1827-1 21541667 PMC3207351 · DOI
  111. [118]Eyre D.R. Biochemistry of the intervertebral disc Int. Rev. Connect. Tissue Res. 1979 8 227 291 389859
  112. [119]Kishen T.J. Diwan A.D. Fusion versus disk replacement for degenerative conditions of the lumbar and cervical spine: Quid est testimonium? Orthop. Clin. N. Am. 2010 41 167 181 10.1016/j.ocl.2009.12.002 20399356 · DOI
  113. [120]Tavakoli J. Diwan A.D. Tipper J.L. Advanced strategies for the regeneration of lumbar disc annulus fibrosus Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020 21 4889 10.3390/ijms21144889 PMC7402314 32664453 · DOI
  114. [121]Choi Y. Park M.H. Lee K. Tissue engineering strategies for intervertebral disc treatment using functional polymers Polymers 2019 11 872 10.3390/polym11050872 PMC6572548 31086085 · DOI
  115. [122]Zhao R.Z. Liu W.Q. Xia T.T. Yang L. Disordered mechanical stress and tissue engineering therapies in intervertebral disc degeneration Polymers 2019 11 1151 10.3390/polym11071151 31284436 PMC6680713 · DOI
  116. [123]Borzacchiello A. Gloria A. De Santis R. Ambrosio L. Spinal disc implants using hydrogels Biomedical Hydrogels Rimmer S. Woodhead Publishing Cambridge, UK 2011 103 117
  117. [124]Moriguchi Y. Borde B. Berlin C. Wipplinger C. Sloan S.R. Kirnaz S. Pennicooke B. Navarro-Ramirez R. Khair T. Grunert P. In vivo annular repair using high-density collagen gel seeded with annulus fibrosus cells Acta Biomater. 2018 79 230 238 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.008 29981494 · DOI
  118. [125]Hussain I. Sloan S.R. Wipplinger C. Navarro-Ramirez R. Zubkov M. Kim E. Kirnaz S. Bonassar L.J. Härtl R. Mesenchymal stem cell-seeded high-density collagen gel for annular repair: 6-week results from in vivo sheep models Neurosurgery 2019 85 E350 E359 10.1093/neuros/nyy523 30476218 · DOI
  119. [126]Tsaryk R. Gloria A. Russo T. Anspach L. De Santis R. Ghanaati S. Unger R.E. Ambrosio L. Kirkpatrick C.J. Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration Acta Biomater. 2015 20 10 21 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.041 25861947 · DOI
  120. [127]Bowles R.D. Williams R.M. Zipfel W.R. Bonassar L.J. Self-assembly of aligned tissue-engineered annulus fibrosus and intervertebral disc composite via collagen gel contraction Tissue Eng. Part A 2010 16A 1339 1348 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0442 19905878 PMC2952129 · DOI
  121. [128]Gloria A. Russo T. D’Amora U. Santin M. De Santis R. Ambrosio L. Customised multiphasic nucleus/annulus scaffold for intervertebral disc repair/regeneration Connect. Tissue Res. 2020 61 152 162 10.1080/03008207.2019.1650037 31398999 · DOI
  122. [129]Moriguchi Y. Mojica-Santiago J. Grunert P. Pennicooke B. Berlin C. Khair T. Navarro-Ramirez R. Arbona R.J.R. Nguyen J. Hartl R. Total disc replacement using tissue-engineered intervertebral discs in the canine cervical spine PLoS ONE 2017 12 e0185716 10.1371/journal.pone.0185716 29053719 PMC5650136 · DOI
  123. [130]Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine Nature 2005 438 932 936 10.1038/nature04478 16355210 · DOI
  124. [131]Risau W. Mechanisms of angiogenesis Nature 1997 386 671 674 10.1038/386671a0 9109485 · DOI · Paper page
  125. [132]Folkman J. Hochberg M. Self-regulation of growth in three dimensions J. Exp. Med. 1973 138 745 753 10.1084/jem.138.4.745 4744009 PMC2180571 · DOI · Paper page
  126. [133]Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in health and disease Nat. Med. 2003 9 653 660 10.1038/nm0603-653 12778163 · DOI
  127. [134]Gelmi A. Cieslar-Pobuda A. de Muinck E. Los M. Rafat M. Jager E.W.H. Direct mechanical stimulation of stem cells: A beating electromechanically active scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2016 5 1471 1480 10.1002/adhm.201600307 27126086 · DOI
  128. [135]Quinlan E. Lopez-Noriega A. Thompson E.M. Hibbitts A. Cryan S.A. O’Brien F.J. Controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor from spray-dried alginate microparticles in collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds for promoting vascularization and bone repair J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2017 11 1097 1109 10.1002/term.2013 25783558 · DOI
  129. [136]Ali Z. Islam A. Sherrell P. Le-Moine M. Lolas G. Syrigos K. Rafat M. Jensen L.D. Adjustable delivery of pro-angiogenic FGF-2 by alginate: Collagen microspheres Biol. Open 2018 7 bio027060 10.1242/bio.027060 29449216 PMC5898261 · DOI
  130. [138]Ripellino J.A. Klinger M.M. Margolis R.U. Margolis R.K. The hyaluronic acid binding region as a specific probe for the localization of hyaluronic acid in tissue sections. Application to chick embryo and rat brain J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1985 33 1060 1066 10.1177/33.10.4045184 4045184 · DOI
  131. [139]Luo Y. Kirker K.R. Prestwich G.D. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel films: New biomaterials for drug delivery J. Control. Release 2000 69 169 184 10.1016/S0168-3659(00)00300-X 11018555 · DOI
  132. [140]Park H. Kang S.W. Kim B.S. Mooney D.J. Lee K.Y. Shear-reversibly cross-linked alginate hydrogels for tissue engineering Macromol. Biosci. 2009 9 895 901 10.1002/mabi.200800376 19422012 · DOI
  133. [141]Kuo Y.C. Hsueh C.H. Neuronal production from induced pluripotent stem cells in self-assembled collagen-hyaluronic acid-alginate microgel scaffolds with grafted GRGDSP/Ln5-P4 Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2017 76 760 774 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.133 28482588 · DOI
  134. [142]Hahn M.S. Teply B.A. Stevens M.M. Zeitels S.M. Langer R. Collagen composite hydrogels for vocal fold lamina propria restoration Biomaterials 2006 27 1104 1109 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.07.022 16154633 · DOI
  135. [143]Robson M.C. Steed D.L. Franz M.G. Wound healing: Biologic features and approaches to maximize healing trajectories—In brief Curr. Prob. Surg. 2001 38 65 140 10.1067/msg.2001.111167 11452260 · DOI
  136. [144]Szycher M. Lee S.J. Modern wound dressings: A systematic approach to wound healing J. Biomater. Appl. 1992 7 142 213 10.1177/088532829200700204 1447701 · DOI
  137. [145]Singer A.J. Clark R.A.F. Mechanisms of disease—Cutaneous wound healing N. Engl. J. Med. 1999 341 738 746 10.1056/NEJM199909023411006 10471461 · DOI · Paper page
  138. [146]Jayakumar R. Prabaharan M. Kumar P.T.S. Nair S.V. Tamura H. Biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan in wound dressing applications Biotechnol. Adv. 2011 29 322 337 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.005 21262336 · DOI
  139. [147]Pinho E. Soares G. Functionalization of cotton cellulose for improved wound healing J. Mater. Chem. B 2018 6 1887 1898 10.1039/C8TB00052B 32254354 · DOI
  140. [148]Dhivya S. Padma V.V. Santhini E. Wound dressings—A review Biomedicine 2015 5 24 28 10.7603/s40681-015-0022-9 26615539 PMC4662938 · DOI
  141. [149]Boateng J.S. Matthews K.H. Stevens H.N.E. Eccleston G.M. Wound healing dressings and drug delivery systems: A review J. Pharm. Sci. 2008 97 2892 2923 10.1002/jps.21210 17963217 · DOI
  142. [150]Liu B. Ding F.X. Hu D. Zhou Y. Long C.L. Shen L.J. Zhang Y.Y. Zhang D.Y. Wei G.H. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium attenuates renal fibrosis by reducing inflammation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro Stem Cell Res. Ther. 2018 9 7 10.1186/s13287-017-0760-6 29329595 PMC5767037 · DOI
  143. [151]Zhu S.C. Yuan Q.J. Yin T. You J. Gu Z.P. Xiong S.B. Hu Y. Self-assembly of collagen-based biomaterials: Preparation, characterizations and biomedical applications J. Mater. Chem. B 2018 6 2650 2676 10.1039/C7TB02999C 32254220 · DOI
  144. [152]Lozeau L.D. Grosha J. Smith I.M. Stewart E.J. Camesano T.A. Rolle M.W. Alginate affects bioactivity of chimeric collagen-binding LL37 antimicrobial peptides adsorbed to collagen-alginate wound dressings ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 2020 6 3398 3410 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00227 33463166 · DOI
  145. [153]Lin Z.F. Wu T.T. Wang W.S. Li B.L. Wang M. Chen L.L. Xia H. Zhang T. Biofunctions of antimicrobial peptide-conjugated alginate/hyaluronic acid/collagen wound dressings promote wound healing of a mixed-bacteria-infected wound Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019 140 330 342 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.087 31421174 · DOI
  146. [154]Van Gils C.C. Roeder B. Chesler S.M. Mason S. Improved healing with a collagen–alginate dressing in the chemical matricectomy J. Am. Podiat. Med. Assoc. 1998 88 452 456 10.7547/87507315-88-9-452 9770938 · DOI
  147. [155]Donaghue V.M. Chrzan J.S. Rosenblum B.I. Giurini J.M. Habershaw G.M. Veves A. A clinical evaluation of a collagen–alginate topical wound dressing in the management of diabetic foot ulcers Diabetologia 1996 39 1019 9729942
  148. [156]Feng X.L. Zhang X.F. Li S.Q. Zheng Y.Q. Shi X.N. Li F. Guo S.B. Yang J.M. Preparation of aminated fish scale collagen and oxidized sodium alginate hybrid hydrogel for enhanced full-thickness wound healing Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020 164 626 637 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.058 32668308 · DOI
  149. [157]Xie H.X. Chen X.L. Shen X.R. He Y. Chen W. Luo Q. Ge W.H. Yuan W.H. Tang X. Hou D.Y. Preparation of chitosan-collagen–alginate composite dressing and its promoting effects on wound healing Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018 107 93 104 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.142 28860056 · DOI
  150. [158]Zhang H.J. Peng M.X. Cheng T. Zhao P. Qiu L.P. Zhou J. Lu G.Z. Chen J.H. Silver nanoparticles-doped collagen–alginate antimicrobial biocomposite as potential wound dressing J. Mater. Sci. 2018 53 14944 14952 10.1007/s10853-018-2710-9 · DOI
  151. [159]Zhang Z.K. Li Z. Li Y. Wang Y.Y. Yao M.H. Zhang K. Chen Z.Y. Yue H. Shi J.J. Guan F.X. Sodium alginate/collagen hydrogel loaded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promotes wound healing and skin remodeling Cell Tissue Res. 2021 383 809 821 10.1007/s00441-020-03321-7 33159581 · DOI
  152. [160]Michalska-Sionkowska M. Walczak M. Sionkowska A. Antimicrobial activity of collagen material with thymol addition for potential application as wound dressing Polym. Test. 2017 63 360 366 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.08.036 · DOI
  153. [161]Qu J. Zhao X. Liang Y.P. Xu Y.M. Ma P.X. Guo B.L. Degradable conductive injectable hydrogels as novel antibacterial, anti-oxidant wound dressings for wound healing Chem. Eng. J. 2019 362 548 560 10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.028 · DOI
  154. [162]Zahedi P. Rezaeian I. Ranaei-Siadat S.O. Jafari S.H. Supaphol P. A review on wound dressings with an emphasis on electrospun nanofibrous polymeric bandages Polym. Advan. Technol. 2010 21 77 95 10.1002/pat.1625 · DOI
  155. [163]Otvos L. Jr. Ostorhazi E. Therapeutic utility of antibacterial peptides in wound healing Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. 2015 13 871 881 10.1586/14787210.2015.1033402 25835521 · DOI
  156. [164]Branco da Cunha C. Klumpers D.D. Li W.A. Koshy S.T. Weaver J.C. Chaudhuri O. Granja P.L. Mooney D.J. Influence of the stiffness of three-dimensional alginate/collagen-I interpenetrating networks on fibroblast biology Biomaterials 2014 35 8927 8936 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.047 25047628 · DOI
  157. [165]Orive G. Hernandez R.M. Gascon A.R. Calafiore R. Chang T.M.S. De Vos P. Hortelano G. Hunkeler D. Lacik I. Shapiro A.M.J. Cell encapsulation: Promise and progress Nat. Med. 2003 9 104 107 10.1038/nm0103-104 12514721 · DOI
  158. [166]Uludag H. De Vos P. Tresco P.A. Technology of mammalian cell encapsulation Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2000 42 29 64 10.1016/S0169-409X(00)00053-3 10942814 · DOI
  159. [167]Chang T.M.S. Malave N. Development and First clinical use of semipermeable microcapsules (artificial cells) as a compact artificial kidney Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 1970 16 141 148 10.1046/j.1526-0968.2000.004002108.x 5454159 · DOI
  160. [168]Zurn A.D. Henry H. Schluep M. Aubert V. Winkel L. Eilers B. Bachmann C. Aebischer P. Evaluation of an intrathecal immune response in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients implanted with encapsulated genetically engineered xenogeneic cells Cell Transplant. 2000 9 471 484 10.1177/096368970000900404 11038064 · DOI
  161. [169]Wong H.L. Wang M.X. Cheung P.T. Yao K.M. Chan B.P. A 3D collagen microsphere culture system for GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with enhanced protein productivity Biomaterials 2007 28 5369 5380 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.08.016 17764735 · DOI
  162. [170]Lee M. Lo A.C. Cheung P.T. Wong D. Chan B.P. Drug carrier systems based on collagen–alginate composite structures for improving the performance of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells Biomaterials 2009 30 1214 1221 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.11.017 19059641 · DOI
  163. [171]Khavari A. Nyden M. Weitz D.A. Ehrlicher A.J. Composite alginate gels for tunable cellular microenvironment mechanics Sci. Rep. 2016 6 30854 10.1038/srep30854 27484403 PMC4971458 · DOI
  164. [172]Wang M. Yang Y.W. Han L.C. Han S. Liu N. Xu F. Li F. Effect of three-dimensional ECM stiffness on cancer cell migration through regulating cell volume homeostasis Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2020 528 459 465 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.182 32505356 · DOI
  165. [173]Liu C. Mejia D.L. Chiang B. Luker K.E. Luker G.D. Hybrid collagen alginate hydrogel as a platform for 3D tumor spheroid invasion Acta Biomater. 2018 75 213 225 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.003 29879553 PMC6119473 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hu, T., & Lo, A. C. Y.
Affiliations
Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
ORCID
Lo, Amy C. Y.
Venue
Polymers
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-06-02
Volume
13
Issue
11
Pages
1852
ISSN
2073-4360 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/polym13111852
PMC
PMC8199729
OpenAlex
W3172784653
Cited by
155
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 3
FWCI
1.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Health and Medical Research Fund, the Food and Health Bureau, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (06171516)
  • Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (GRF HKU773613M)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Keywords
alginate, collagen, hydrogels, tissue engineering, extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, biomedical applications, polysaccharides

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review