Main properties and current applications of some polysaccharides as biomaterials
Abstract
This review concerns the applications of some polysaccharides in the domain of biomaterials and bioactive polymers. Natural polysaccharides from different sources have been studied for a long time, and their main properties are summarized in this paper; some of their derivatives obtained by chemical modification are also described. The main polysaccharides currently used in the biomedical and pharmaceutical domains are chitin and its derivative chitosan, hyaluronan and alginates. Alginates are well known for their property of forming a physical gel in the presence of divalent counterions (Ca, Ba, Sr) whereas carrageenans form a thermoreversible gel; these seaweed polysaccharides are mainly used to encapsulate different materials (cells, bacteria, fungi). Other promising systems are the electrostatic complexes formed when an anionic polysaccharide is mixed with a cationic polysaccharide (e.g. alginate/chitosan or hyaluronan/chitosan). An important development of the applications of polysaccharides can be predicted for the next few years in relation to their intrinsic properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability in the human body for some of them; they are also renewable and have interesting physical properties (film‐forming, gelling and thickening properties). In addition, they are easily processed in different forms such as beads, films, capsules and fibres. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
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BackgroundChitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications
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InfluentialAbasalizadeh, F., Moghaddam, S. V., Alizadeh, E., akbari, E., Kashani, E., Fazljou, S. M. B., Torbati, M., & Akbarzadeh, A. (2020) · Journal of Biological Engineering · doi:10.1186/s13036-020-0227-7 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
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BackgroundFabrication and Characteristics of Chitosan Sponge as a Tissue Engineering Scaffold
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Galactomannan: A versatile biodegradable seed polysaccharide
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“The sulfated groups give it a negative charge, which categorizes carrageenans as polyanions [85].”
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“However, the functionality of chitin increases when it is converted into chitosan, a derivative form of chitin [9].”
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Self-citationBiomaterials of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Natural Polymers
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“umbilical cords, rooster combs or bovine vitreous humor, but there were also reports on successful industrial production of HA by the bacteria Streptococcus zooepidemicus and Streptococcus equi with high purity and good yield.(157) Due to its structure, HA is a weak polyelectrolyte, with a very low charge density, sin…”
BackgroundSugar-Based Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens: Design, Structures, and Applications
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“Furthermore, the combination of AG and CS forms a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) between the carboxyl groups of AG and protonated amines of CS [19,20].”
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“31 Gelation and gel physical properties are determined by various factors, like solution viscosity, molecular weight and molecular structure of alginate, i.e.”
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Galactomannans use in the development of edible films/coatings for food applications
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“Polysaccharides that have been used to form films/ coatings include starch and starch derivatives, cellulose derivatives, alginates, carrageenan, various plant and microbial gums, chitosan and pectinates (Lin & Zhao, 2007; Rinaudo, 2008).”
BackgroundExtraction of chitin from prawn shells and conversion to low molecular mass chitosan
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Novel non-cytotoxic alginate–lignin hybrid aerogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering
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Porous chitosan-hyaluronic acid scaffolds as a mimic of glioblastoma microenvironment ECM
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“HA is widely used for biomedical applications because of its biocompatibility and water adsorbability [18,19].”
“Click” reactions in polysaccharide modification
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Sources, Extraction and Biomedical Properties of Polysaccharides
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“) associated with oligomers of chitosan and chitin, yielded owing to partial acidic hydrolysis, have earlier been documented [95].”
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Hydrogel Droplet Microfluidics for High-Throughput Single Molecule/Cell Analysis
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Gadolinium loaded nanoparticles in theranostic magnetic resonance imaging
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Extracellular Matrix Mimics Using Hyaluronan-Based Biomaterials
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“Ophthalmology High hydrophilicity; viscoelasticity Reduce eye dryness and irritation [84]”
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“Films 86 based on seaweed polysaccharides, such as agar, have excellent film-forming capability, good 87 mechanical resistance and are edible and easily biodegradable (Atef et al., 2015; I. Choi, Lee, 88 Lacroix, & Han, 2017; Rinaudo, 2008; Sousa & Gonçalves, 2015; Wang, Jo, An, Rhim, & Lee, 89 2015).”
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“CS is a b1–4-linked N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D glucose polymer, that is biocompatible, biodegradable and is classified as GRAS (Generally Recognised As Safe) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Rinaudo, 2008).”
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Polymer-based carriers for ophthalmic drug delivery
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“Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, where it appears mostly in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects, but also in certain species of fungi (Kurita 2006; Peniche et al. 2008; Pillai et al. 2009; Rinaudo 2008).”
BackgroundNature-Based Biomaterials and Their Application in Biomedicine
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Biofunctional chitosan–biopolymer composites for biomedical applications
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Graft modification of natural polysaccharides via reversible deactivation radical polymerization
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High strength films with gas-barrier fabricated from chitin solution dissolved at low temperature
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Crack Mitigation in Concrete: Superabsorbent Polymers as Key to Success?
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“Nowadays, polysaccharides produced by bacteria such as bacterial hyaluronan, gellan or xanthan are being investigated [64].”
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“Following filtering, calcium or sodium chlorides are added to the filtrate, converting alginate to calcium alginate or sodium alginate, respectively [77].”
Different routes to turn chitin into stunning nano-objects
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“Moreover, chitin nano-objects have high aspect ratio, high surface area, low density and reactive surface (–OH and –NHCOCH3 groups, and residual –NH2 groups) that facilitates surface functionalization [3,4,8,9,12,13,17–19].”
BackgroundAlginate Nanoformulation: Influence of Process and Selected Variables
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“last decades, researchers were xtensively utilizing natural polymers, e p cially in the pharm ceutical [21] and food industry [22,23] due to their advantages such as i ti ility, and low cost [11].”
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The use of chitosan-based metal catalysts in organic transformations
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Advances in dietary polysaccharides as anticancer agents: Structure-activity relationship
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Exploitation of κ-carrageenan aerogels as template for edible oleogel preparation
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Biomaterials based on a natural polysaccharide: alginate
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Self-citationBiopolymers as a Flexible Resource for Nanochemistry
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Evaluation of chitosan/γ-poly(glutamic acid) polyelectrolyte complex for wound dressing materials
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Biocellulose Membranes as Supports for Dermal Release of Lidocaine
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Collagen–Alginate Composite Hydrogel: Application in Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Sciences
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“In brief, the initial removal of unwanted materials and impurities from algae is achieved by addition of dilute mineral acid [29].”
BackgroundLocust bean gum: A versatile biopolymer
Prajapati, V. D., Jani, G. K., Moradiya, N. G., Randeria, N. P., & Nagar, B. J. (2013) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.086 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Park, J., Lee, S. J., Chung, S., Lee, J. H., Kim, W. D., Lee, J. Y., & Park, S. A. (2016) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.069 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Aljawish, A., Chevalot, I., Piffaut, B., Rondeau‐Mouro, C., Girardin, M., Jasniewski, J., Scher, J., & Muniglia, L. (2011) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.016 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rinaudo, M.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Rinaudo, Marguerite
- ORCID
- Rinaudo, Marguerite
- Venue
- Polymer International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-10-09
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 397-430
- ISSN
- 0959-8103 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0126
- OpenAlex
- W2021252942
- Cited by
- 1,028
- References
- 527
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 39.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Polymer International (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- polysaccharides, biomaterials, chitin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, carrageenan, seaweed polysaccharides, physical gels, thermoreversible gels, electrostatic complexes, chitosan-alginate, encapsulation, biocompatibility, biodegradability, polysaccharide modification, film-forming properties, thickening properties, bio-based polymers
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