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The Potentiality of Rice Husk-Derived Activated Carbon: From Synthesis to Application

Alam, Md Masruck, Hossain, Md Ashraf, Hossain, Md Delowar, Johir, M.A.H., Hossen, Jewel, Rahman, Md Saifur, Zhou, John L., Hasan, A.T.M. Kamrul, Karmakar, Aneek Krishna, Ahmed, Mohammad Boshir·2020·Processes
DOI 10.3390/pr8020203
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Abstract

Activated carbon (AC) has been extensively utilized as an adsorbent over the past few decades. AC has widespread applications, including the removal of different contaminants from water and wastewater, and it is also being used in capacitors, battery electrodes, catalytic supports, and gas storage materials because of its specific characteristics e.g., high surface area with electrical properties. The production of AC from naturally occurring precursors (e.g., coal, biomass, coconut shell, sugarcane bagasse, and so on) is highly interesting in terms of the material applications in chemistry; however, recently much focus has been placed on the use of agricultural wastes (e.g., rice husk) to produce AC. Rice husk (RH) is an abundant as well as cheap material which can be converted into AC for various applications. Various pollutants such as textile dyes, organic contaminants, inorganic anions, pesticides, and heavy metals can be effectively removed by RH-derived AC. In addition, RH-derived AC has been applied in supercapacitors, electrodes for Li-ion batteries, catalytic support, and energy storage, among other uses. Cost-effective synthesis of AC can be an alternative for AC production. Therefore, this review mainly covers different synthetic routes and applications of AC produced from RH precursors. Different environmental, catalytic, and energy applications have been pinpointed. Furthermore, AC regeneration, desorption, and relevant environmental concerns have also been covered. Future scopes for further research and development activities are also discussed. Overall, it was found that RH-derived AC has great potential for different applications which can be further explored at real scales, i.e., for industrial applications in the future.

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  • CAC can effectively adsorb organic pollutants such as dyes, phenols, and pharmaceuticals, as well as inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals including lead, cadmium, and chromium, often with adsorption capacities exceeding 200 mg/g under optimal conditions.

    “Studies have shown that CAC can effectively adsorb organic pollutants such as dyes, phenols, and pharmaceuticals, as well as inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals including lead, cadmium, and chromium, often with adsorption capacities exceeding 200 mg/g under optimal conditions32–34.”

    From Performance of maize tassel activated carbon for COD removal from industrial wastewater under optimized conditions (2025) · cites this paper as [34]

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  • CAC is produced from carbonaceous materials such as coal, wood, and coconut shells and has a high surface area ranging from 400 to over 1000 m2/g.

    “CAC is produced from carbonaceous materials such as coal, wood, and coconut shells and is characterized by its high surface area (ranging from 400 to over 1000 m2/g) and strong adsorption affinity for a variety of contaminants.”

    From Performance of maize tassel activated carbon for COD removal from industrial wastewater under optimized conditions (2025) · cites this paper as [34]

    The Introduction lists coal, wood, and coconut shells as activated-carbon precursors and describes activated carbon as having a high surface area and uses in contaminant removal. The paper defines CAC as commercial activated carbon in Table 6, but does not establish the stated 400-to-over-1000 m²/g range for CAC or specifically link those precursors to commercial products. Its numerical surface-area examples in Table 5 concern rice-husk-derived activated carbon. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Metadata

Authors
Alam, M. M., Hossain, M. A., Hossain, M. D., Johir, M. A. H., Hossen, J., Rahman, M. S., Zhou, J. L., Hasan, A. T. M. K., Karmakar, A. K., & Ahmed, M. B.
Venue
Processes
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-02-06
Volume
8
Issue
2
Pages
203
ISSN
2227-9717
DOI
10.3390/pr8020203
Cited by
165
References
4
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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