The DOI matches its Crossref record; 116 of the 118 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Wireless Power Transfer Approaches for Medical Implants: A Review
Open accessAbstract
Wireless power transmission (WPT) is a critical technology that provides an alternative for wireless power and communication with implantable medical devices (IMDs). This article provides a study concentrating on popular WPT techniques for IMDs including inductive coupling, microwave, ultrasound, and hybrid wireless power transmission (HWPT) systems. Moreover, an overview of the major works is analyzed with a comparison of the symmetric and asymmetric design elements, operating frequency, distance, efficiency, and harvested power. In general, with respect to the operating frequency, it is concluded that the ultrasound-based and inductive-based WPTs have a low operating frequency of less than 50 MHz, whereas the microwave-based WPT works at a higher frequency. Moreover, it can be seen that most of the implanted receiver’s dimension is less than 30 mm for all the WPT-based methods. Furthermore, the HWPT system has a larger receiver size compared to the other methods used. In terms of efficiency, the maximum power transfer efficiency is conducted via inductive-based WPT at 95%, compared to the achievable frequencies of 78%, 50%, and 17% for microwave-based, ultrasound-based, and hybrid WPT, respectively. In general, the inductive coupling tactic is mostly employed for transmission of energy to neuro-stimulators, and the ultrasonic method is used for deep-seated implants.
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“This range minimizes eddy current losses, thereby reducing the risk of localized heating and its subsequent influence on neural stability (Maaß et al., 2017; Haerinia and Shadid, 2020; Mahmood et al., 2022).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Haerinia and Shadid, 2020
In the citing paper
“A value closer to 1 not only maximizes energy transfer but also minimizes potential thermal damage to neural tissues—a concern for BMIs requiring high computational power for real-time neural decoding (Haerinia and Shadid, 2020; Khan et al., 2020).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Haerinia and Shadid, 2020
Citations
Cites
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Wireless power transfer to deep-tissue microimplants
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“[82], which overcomes the difficulty of miniaturizing the power source via adaptive electromagnetic energy transport.”
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“Although, in practice, the implanted coil is significantly smaller than the transmitting coil [70].”
BackgroundPower Approaches for Implantable Medical Devices
Amar, A. B., Kouki, A. B., & Cao, H. (2015) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s151128889 · Cited by 445 · cited 2×
“The second category is split into two subsections: batteries, such as lithium; and natural harvesting, including biofuel cell, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, electrostatic, and electromagnetic [1].”
BackgroundDevelopment of Implantable Medical Devices: From an Engineering Perspective
Joung, Y.-H. (2013) · International Neurourology Journal · doi:10.5213/inj.2013.17.3.98 · Cited by 367 · cited 4×
“The designers of medical implants are currently dealing with challenges in materials, output power, size miniaturization, the efficiency of the wireless link, and cybersecurity [118].”
BackgroundInfluentialWireless Power Transmission With Self-Regulated Output Voltage for Biomedical Implant
Ahn, D., & Hong, S. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2013.2273472 · Cited by 315 · cited 1×
“13 10 doutT = 21 doutR = 1 [19] 2014 8.”
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“Assuming far-field WPT, the budget power link as discussed in [71] can be described as follows: (cid:3047)(cid:3028) (cid:3047)(cid:3034) (cid:3033) (cid:3045)(cid:3028) (cid:2868) (cid:1840) (cid:3042) (cid:3045) (cid:3030) (cid:3031) (cid:1842) (cid:1833) (cid:1838) (cid:1833) (cid:1840) where P…”
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Channel model for wireless communication around human body
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“[65] 2004 Body 400 MHz, 900 MHz, 2400 MHz Visible human, FDTD [66] 2004 Body/51 tissues 30 MHz–3 GHz FDTD [67] 2002 Head/10 tissues 900 MHz, 1800 MHz Visible human, FDTD”
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“[105] 2010 673 kHz 1000 27 40 [106] 2003 100 kHz 5400 36 40 [25] 2002 1 MHz 2100 20 40 [26] 2001 1 MHz 20 30 * Width and total length of 48 symmetric elements of the spherical transducer array.”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sagar, A., Kashyap, A., Nasab, M. A., Padmanaban, S., Bertoluzzo, M., Kumar, A., & Blaabjerg, F. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3300475 · Cited by 238
Advanced Energy Harvesters and Energy Storage for Powering Wearable and Implantable Medical Devices
Gao, Z., Zhou, Y., Zhang, J., Foroughi, J., Peng, S., Baughman, R. H., Wang, Z. L., & Wang, C. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202404492 · Cited by 250
Wireless Power Transfer Technologies, Applications, and Future Trends: A Review
Alabsi, A., Hawbani, A., Wang, X., Al‐Dubai, A., Hu, J., Aziz, S. A., Kumar, S., Zhao, L., Shvetsov, A. V., & Alsamhi, S. H. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing · doi:10.1109/tsusc.2024.3380607 · Cited by 140
“Such surveys would offer insights into the latest developments and help guide the development and deployment of WPT technologies and applications.”
Energy Harvesting in Implantable and Wearable Medical Devices for Enduring Precision Healthcare
Shuvo, M. M. H., Titirsha, T., Amin, N., & ISLAM, S. K. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15207495 · Cited by 137
Battery‐Free and Wireless Technologies for Cardiovascular Implantable Medical Devices
Zhang, J., Das, R., Zhao, J., Mirzai, N., Mercer, J. R., & Heidari, H. (2022) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202101086 · Cited by 112
Metadata
- Authors
- Haerinia, M., & Shadid, R.
- Affiliations
- University of North Dakota (US)
- Applied Science Private University (JO)
- Corresponding author
- Haerinia, Mohammad
- Venue
- Signals
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-12-16
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 209-229
- ISSN
- 2624-6120 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3112882954
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 6.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Signals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Induction Heating and Inverter Technology
- Keywords
- wireless power transfer, biomedical implants, inductive coupling, microwave power transmission, power transfer efficiency, nerve stimulator
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