Cited by 174Wireless Power Transfer SystemsWireless Body Area NetworksInduction Heating and Inverter Technology

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Wireless Power Transfer Approaches for Medical Implants: A Review

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Haerinia, Mohammad, Shadid, Reem·2020·Signals

DOI 10.3390/signals1020012

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Abstract

Wireless power transmission (WPT) is a critical technology that provides an alternative for wireless power and communication with implantable medical devices (IMDs). This article provides a study concentrating on popular WPT techniques for IMDs including inductive coupling, microwave, ultrasound, and hybrid wireless power transmission (HWPT) systems. Moreover, an overview of the major works is analyzed with a comparison of the symmetric and asymmetric design elements, operating frequency, distance, efficiency, and harvested power. In general, with respect to the operating frequency, it is concluded that the ultrasound-based and inductive-based WPTs have a low operating frequency of less than 50 MHz, whereas the microwave-based WPT works at a higher frequency. Moreover, it can be seen that most of the implanted receiver’s dimension is less than 30 mm for all the WPT-based methods. Furthermore, the HWPT system has a larger receiver size compared to the other methods used. In terms of efficiency, the maximum power transfer efficiency is conducted via inductive-based WPT at 95%, compared to the achievable frequencies of 78%, 50%, and 17% for microwave-based, ultrasound-based, and hybrid WPT, respectively. In general, the inductive coupling tactic is mostly employed for transmission of energy to neuro-stimulators, and the ultrasonic method is used for deep-seated implants.

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See all 174

Authors: Haerinia, M., & Shadid, R.
Affiliations: University of North Dakota (US)
Applied Science Private University (JO)
Corresponding author: Haerinia, Mohammad
ORCID: Haerinia, Mohammad
Shadid, Reem
Venue: Signals
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2020-12-16
Volume: 1
Issue: 2
Pages: 209-229
ISSN: 2624-6120 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/signals1020012
OpenAlex: W3112882954
Cited by: 174
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 8
FWCI: 6.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Signals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Induction Heating and Inverter Technology
Keywords: wireless power transfer, biomedical implants, inductive coupling, microwave power transmission, power transfer efficiency, nerve stimulator

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Wireless Power Transfer Approaches for Medical Implants: A Review

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