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Cited by 561Artificial Intelligence in EducationArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationArtificial Intelligence Applications

Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Higher Education Institutions

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Kuleto, Valentin, Ilić, Milena, Dumangiu, Mihail, Ranković, Marko, Martins, Oliva M. D., Păun, Dan, Mihoreanu, Larisa·2021·Sustainability
DOI 10.3390/su131810424
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Abstract

The way people travel, organise their time, and acquire information has changed due to information technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are mechanisms that evolved from data management and developing processes. Incorporating these mechanisms into business is a trend many different industries, including education, have identified as game-changers. As a result, education platforms and applications are more closely aligned with learners’ needs and knowledge, making the educational process more efficient. Therefore, AI and ML have great potential in e-learning and higher education institutions (HEI). Thus, the article aims to determine its potential and use areas in higher education based on secondary research and document analysis (literature review), content analysis, and primary research (survey). As referent points for this research, multiple academic, scientific, and commercial sources were used to obtain a broader picture of the research subject. Furthermore, the survey was implemented among students in the Republic of Serbia, with 103 respondents to generate data and information on how much knowledge of AI and ML is held by the student population, mainly to understand both opportunities and challenges involved in AI and ML in HEI. The study addresses critical issues, like common knowledge and stance of research bases regarding AI and ML in HEI; best practices regarding usage of AI and ML in HEI; students’ knowledge of AI and ML; and students’ attitudes regarding AI and ML opportunities and challenges in HEI. In statistical considerations, aiming to evaluate if the indicators were considered reflexive and, in this case, belong to the same theoretical dimension, the Correlation Matrix was presented, followed by the Composite Reliability. Finally, the results were evaluated by regression analysis. The results indicated that AI and ML are essential technologies that enhance learning, primarily through students’ skills, collaborative learning in HEI, and an accessible research environment.

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Crossref · 10.3390/su131810424

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  • This reinforces concerns about the widening digital divide between schools.

    “Where training and infrastructure were perceived as insufficient, teachers expressed uncertainty and hesitation, reinforcing concerns about the widening digital divide between schools (Huang et al., 2021;Greenhow et al., 2020;Kuleto et al., 2021).”

    From Teachers' Experiences with AI in K–12 Education: Opportunities and Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as Kuleto et al., 2021

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Authors
Kuleto, V., Ilić, M., Dumangiu, M., Ranković, M., Martins, O. M. D., Păun, D., & Mihoreanu, L.
Affiliations
  • Univerzitet Privredna akademija u Novom Sadu (RS)
  • Spiru Haret University (RO)
  • Univerzitet Union Nikola Tesla (RS)
  • Universidade Politécnica de Bragança (PT)
  • Bucharest University of Economic Studies (RO)
Corresponding author
Ilić, Milena
ORCID
Venue
Sustainability
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-09-18
Volume
13
Issue
18
Pages
10424
ISSN
2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/su131810424
OpenAlex
W3199263016
Cited by
561
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 108 · 2025: 197 · 2024: 143 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 3
FWCI
57.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
Keywords
artificial intelligence in education, higher education institutions, online learning, student attitudes toward AI, cooperative learning, AI-assisted learning

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