The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 36 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Governance Strategies for Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy Development in Europe: Insights and Typologies
Open accessAbstract
This study examines governance strategies that facilitate sustainable regional circular bioeconomy development, culminating in a typology which enables the classification of regional government good practices supporting circular bioeconomy deployment in diverse regions within Europe. Data on regional circular bioeconomy governance models were collected through desk research and a survey, resulting in a compilation of 61 circular bioeconomy governance models. From this compilation, 20 case studies were identified and further explored to develop a typology of regional circular bioeconomy governance strategies in the EU-27. Findings reveal a strong regional commitment to expanding bioeconomies; however, managing conflicting sustainability goals remains a challenge. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of successful governance models and practices, offering valuable insights for policymakers to support the co-development and replication of effective circular bioeconomy strategies across diverse European regions.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This paper develops a typology of regional circular bioeconomy governance models in Europe from 20 case studies and applies it to 75 good governance practices. It finds strong regional commitment to enabling governance, but much less attention to constraining governance and conflicting sustainability goals.
Key findings
- From 61 compiled governance models, 20 case studies were selected; most aligned with transformation path TP3 “new and more efficient biomass uses” (65%), followed by TP2 “boosting primary sector productivity” (60%), TP4 “low-bulk and high-value applications” (30%), and TP1 “fossil fuel substitution” (25%).
- Enabling governance was dominated by bio-based R&D strategies (60%), subsidies for bio-based products (40%), and awareness-raising campaigns (25%). Constraining governance was weaker: 11 of 20 models did not explicitly recognize or address conflicts with SDGs; among the nine that did, land use change and equity were most prevalent, followed by water scarcity and land degradation.
- Sustainability objectives were unbalanced: all 20 models included economic objectives, 19 environmental, and 18 social. Top-down transition governance was predominant (75%), with bottom-up in 25%.
- Of 86 initially identified good practices, 75 were shortlisted. Policy instruments were fiscal/financial (24; 32%), networking/collaboration/joint planning (20; 27%), information/advisory (15; 20%), regulatory (7; 9%), voluntary (3; 4%), and other (6; 8%). Most practices were triple-helix (56%) or quadruple-helix (33%); none were penta-helix.
Methods
- Desk research/literature review and a data collection survey compiled 61 regional circular bioeconomy governance models in the EU-27 and EU-associated countries, with local subject matter experts helping ensure regional coverage; 20 case studies with accurate and complete data were selected for typology analysis.
- A typology matrix was developed along 10 dimensions, drawing on Dietz et al.’s four bio-based transformation paths and enabling/constraining governance functions, plus helix models, driver measures, territorial aspects, focus, model type, transition process, decision-making, voting, and dispute resolution.
- For good practices, 86 practices were screened against FAO/ENRD-style criteria, 75 were shortlisted, classified by Elbersen et al. policy instrument types and by the governance typology, and analyzed with descriptive statistics in MS Excel by regional cluster and category.
Limitations
- No formal limitations section is present. The paper states that several of the initial 61 models were excluded due to incomplete or missing data, and that models lacking support measures or at national level—except for small countries—were eliminated.
- The paper states that measurement and monitoring of bioeconomy contributions remain lacking, and that harmonization of sustainability measurement for the circular bioeconomy may not be possible.
- Evident from the text: the typology rests on 20 case studies, and in 13 of 20 cases decision-making or dispute resolution processes were not mentioned; the authors note that if such mechanisms exist, they are not publicly disclosed. The categories “decision making,” “voting mechanisms,” and “dispute resolution” were also excluded from the good-practice analysis.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
65 Own result · 26 Not checked yet · 10 No basis given · 7 Own interpretation · 6 No full text of the sources · 4 Own method · 1 Supported · 1 Partly supported · 1 Not supported · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, the social and material nature of a circular bioeconomy transition also benefits from a regional perspective and regional cooperation in circular bioeconomy governance planning and practice [25].”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [25] Bößner, S., Johnson, F.X., and Shawoo, Z. (2021). Governing the Bioeconomy: What Role for International Institutions?. Sustainability, 13. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 5 argues that shared resources and cultural traits can encourage regional bioeconomy cooperation, and the Conclusions describe a regional approach as promising. But the paper frames this as a question for future research, not an established benefit, and the cited passages address bioeconomy governance generally rather than a circular bioeconomy transition specifically. No page numbers are provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data collected from the 20 governance models suggests that most of them primarily aligned with TP3: 'new and more efficient biomass uses' (65%), with TP2: 'boosting primary sector productivity' closely following at 60%.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analysis of the 20 case studies of regional circular bioeconomy governance models reveals that not all models incorporated all three sustainability pillars (economic, environmental and social) with clear objectives.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data collected from the 20 governance models suggests that most of them primarily aligned with TP3: 'new and more efficient biomass uses' (65%), with TP2: 'boosting primary sector productivity' closely following at 60%.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Transformation Path 4: 'low-bulk and high-value applications', i.e., value creation and addition through the application of biological principles and processes, separate from large-scale biomass production, was found in 30% of the sample, while TP1: 'fossil fuel substitution', i.e., substitution of fossil fuels with bio-based raw materials, was present in 25% of the sample.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 86 practices were initially identified in the screening of regional circular bioeconomy good governance practices.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority (56%) of good governance practices were triple-helix collaborations (H3), combining business and knowledge with administration.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many of the shortlisted regional circular bioeconomy good governance practices straddle multiple instruments.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Financial organizations were identified as key actors in just two of the case studies.”
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Lastly, the third enabling governance mechanism, 'implementing awarenessraising campaigns to increase societal participation' in bio-based transformation, including fostering more responsible and sustainable consumption, was observed in 25% of the regional circular bioeconomy governance models.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The format of a typology matrix was selected since there is great diversity in the circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU regarding several identified crucial parameters, as discussed earlier in this paper.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The shortlisted regional circular bioeconomy good governance practices are associated with the following policy instruments: fiscal and financial instruments (24), regulatory instruments (7), information and advisory instruments (15), networking, collaboration, and joint planning instruments (20), voluntary instruments (3), other instruments (6).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Currently, European regions are actively engaged in addressing the challenge of enabling governance for circular bioeconomy development.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A dataset comprising 61 models was compiled in an MS Excel spreadsheet for further analysis, with 20 model case studies selected for further examination.”
- Also stated in: § Governance Strategies for Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy Development in Europe: Insights and Typologies · p. 1 · plain
“resulting in a compilation of 61 circular bioeconomy governance models.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Also stated in: § Governance Strategies for Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy Development in Europe: Insights and Typologies · p. 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regarding enabling governance, 38% aligned most closely with enabling government option 3, (EG3) 'implementing awareness-raising campaigns to increase societal participation in bio-based transformation', including more responsible and sustainable consumption.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In most of the 20 case studies of regional circular bioeconomy governance models (11 out of 20), no conflict with SDGs resulting from bio-based transformations were explicitly recognized or directly addressed.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The shortlisted good governance practices were widely distributed across Europe and the different regional jurisdictions described in Section 2.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The predominant transition governance approach was top-down, accounting for 75% of the cases, while only 5 out of the 20 case studies (25%) adopted a bottom-up approach.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among the 20 cases reviewed, only 7 acknowledge the presence of a decision-making mechanism, typically administered by a committee or working group.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
- Rests on an assumption: The effectiveness of regional circular bioeconomy governance models relies heavily on decision-making and voting mechanisms.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis revealed that the primary mechanism used was 'bio-based research and development (R&D) strategy', evident in 60% of the regional circular bioeconomy governance models.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, the number of voting members in these seven cases tends to be relatively small, streamlining the decision-making process.”
plaindirectn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
- Rests on an assumption: The effectiveness of regional circular bioeconomy governance models relies heavily on decision-making and voting mechanisms.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Transformation Path 4: 'low-bulk and high-value applications', i.e., value creation and addition through the application of biological principles and processes, separate from large-scale biomass production, was found in 30% of the sample, while TP1: 'fossil fuel substitution', i.e., substitution of fossil fuels with bio-based raw materials, was present in 25% of the sample.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, the typology distinguishes between four bio-based transformation paths, each representing distinct trajectories toward a circular bioeconomy: fossil fuel substitution (TP1), boosting primary sector productivity (TP2), new and more efficient biomass uses (TP3), and low-bulk and high-value applications (TP4).”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through an examination of 20 circular bioeconomy case studies, a typology of regional bioeconomy governance models was developed, delineated along 10 dimensions.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, our analysis reveals that managing conflicting goals (constraining governance) has not received sufficient attention.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The case studies of circular bioeconomy governance models revealed that subsidies or similar economic incentives were prevalent in most instances (14 out of 20).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
- Rests on an assumption: Driver measures play a crucial role in circular bioeconomy governance.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was a noticeable lack of practices describing constraining governance characteristics or potential negative impacts from their activities.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only a minority of circular bioeconomy governance models acknowledged the potential adverse effects of bio-based transformations on other objectives, such as the SDGs.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The remaining 27% aligned with EG2 'enhancing the competitiveness of bio-based products through subsidies'.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The predominant transition governance approach was top-down, accounting for 75% of the cases, while only 5 out of the 20 case studies (25%) adopted a bottom-up approach.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The second most commonly used enabling governance mechanism, 'enhancing the competitiveness of bio-based products through subsidies', was present in 40% of the governance models.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, 35% were aligned with EG1 'bio-based research and development (R&D) strategy'.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the remaining nine governance models where conflicts with SDGs were explicitly acknowledged, the most prevalent concerns included land use change and equity, followed by water scarcity and land degradation.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, a small number of practices identified in the Balkan (25%) and Eastern Europe (13%) clusters were found to be aligned with constraining government 3 (CG3) relating to land degradation, accounting for 5% of all shortlisted good practices.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is a slightly higher level of TS1 approach in the analysis of good practices compared with TS2 (31% vs. 23%).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The focus on waste prevention was also more pronounced in these regions (38% and 25%, respectively) and the Mediterranean cluster (17%) than elsewhere (no practices aligning with waste prevention in the other clusters).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Strong political support is evident from this analysis of circular bioeconomy models and practices in action.”
boostedcorrelationaln = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, while enabling governance receives considerable attention, the analysis reveals a gap in managing conflicting goals (constraining governance) both among the regional governance models and governance practices (policy instruments) examined.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The European Circular Bioeconomy Fund and initiatives of the Nordic Investment Bank supporting investment in bioeconomy scale-up, among others, show that there is a growing interest from the capital stakeholders, and significant further potential for development of penta-helix models.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the incorporation of capital stakeholders (penta-helix) remains limited, highlighting a potential area for further development in circular bioeconomy governance.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This was particularly the case in the Balkan and Eastern Europe clusters, where half of the shortlisted practices were classified as quadruple-helix collaborations.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The remaining 33% also brought society on board, (quadruple-helix collaborations: H2) in initiatives such as education, knowledge and awareness-raising, community activities, and social enterprises.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The focus on energy was more pronounced in the Eastern Europe and Western Europe clusters (38% and 33%, respectively).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Private implementation strategies were also more prevalent among practices in these regional clusters (25%, 8% and 17%, respectively) than in the other clusters analyzed (none of the practices identified were implemented solely by private organizations).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Generally, the regions tended to address the second fundamental challenge of developing a sustainable circular bioeconomy (constraining governance) to a considerably lesser extent than the first challenge (enabling governance), aligning with previous findings by Dietz et al. [1].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Dietz, T., Borner, J., Forster, J.J., and Braun, J. (2018). Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies. Sustainability, 10. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not checked yet
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was substantial regional variation in the foci of practices.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Public-private collaborations were more prevalent among practices from the Balkan and North-West and Western Europe clusters (67%, 46% and 48% of practices, respectively).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results highlight that most regional circular bioeconomy governance models primarily aligned with the transformation path focused on new and efficient biomass uses, indicating a shift towards innovative biomass utilization.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regions, and regional governance, play a pivotal role in advancing the European circular bioeconomy by facilitating the establishment of innovative value chains.”
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Governmental governance models encounter significant challenges in promoting the transition to a circular bioeconomy while ensuring effective sustainability assurance.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Despite the advancements and efforts of the EU regions, the issue of a lack of measurement and monitoring of bioeconomy contributions keeps re-emerging [13].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Wesseler, 2023, The rapid development of bioeconomy policies in the EU and other regions in the world, EuroChoices source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not checked yet
In the paper
“Many European regions have integrated circular bioeconomy-related priorities into their research and innovation strategies for smart specialization [7]”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] (2024, February 10). A Sustainable Bioeconomy for Europe—Strengthening the Connection between Economy, Society and the Environment. Available online: https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/publication/sustainable-bioeconomy-europe-strengthening-connection-between-economy-society_en.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, information problems, stemming from uncertainties about the economic, environmental, and social impacts of diverse bioeconomy value chains, pose a substantial obstacle [5].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Börner, J., and Brunori, G. (2020). Governance mechanisms to improve the sustainability of bioeconomy value chains: Evidence from case studies in Europe. Sustainability, 12.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In total, 194 regions in the EU-27 have strategic frameworks for the bioeconomy in place or in progress, with a total of 359 bioeconomy-relevant strategies at the regional level in the EU [10].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Haarich, S., and Kirchmayr-Novak, S. (2022). Bioeconomy Strategy Development in EU Regions, Office of the European Union.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In reality, harmonization of sustainability measurement for the circular bioeconomy may not be possible [14]”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Gardossi, 2023, Bioeconomy national strategies in the G20 and OECD countries: Sharing experiences and comparing existing policies, EFB Bioecon. J. source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In total, 194 regions in the EU-27 have strategic frameworks for the bioeconomy in place or in progress, with a total of 359 bioeconomy-relevant strategies at the regional level in the EU [10].”
- Also stated in: § 1.3. Bioeconomy Strategy Development in EU Regions · p. 3 · plain
“Currently, there are 194 regions acknowledged within the EU-27 that have either already implemented, or are in the process of adopting, a bioeconomy strategy [10].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Haarich, S., and Kirchmayr-Novak, S. (2022). Bioeconomy Strategy Development in EU Regions, Office of the European Union.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § 1.3. Bioeconomy Strategy Development in EU Regions · p. 3 · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, as previously noted, there is potential for overlapping categories of instruments across multiple categories [18].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Elbersen, B., Houtkamp, J., Coninx, I., van den Oever, M., Hatvani, N., Koos, A., Mateffy, K., Kulmány, I., and Vásáry, V. (2020). An Overview of Suitable Regional Policies to Support Bio-Based Business Models (Deliverable 4.2), Power4Bio. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not checked yet
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consequently, the incorporation of capital markets into regional circular bioeconomy governance models remains at an early stage.”
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicates that the practices exhibit a good balance between the various enabling government functions.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this sense, regional and inter-regional approaches can facilitate circular bioeconomy development that is appropriate to the local and regional context, even while national and international obstacles persist.”
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This poses a challenge to sustainable circular bioeconomy development”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Maksymiv, Y., Yakubiv, V., Pylypiv, N., Hryhoruk, I., Piatnychuk, I., and Popadynets, N. (2021). Strategic Challenges for Sustainable Governance of the Bioeconomy: Preventing Conflict between SDGs. Sustainability, 13. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plaindirectn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not checked yet
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The application of the typology to the classification of regional circular bioeconomy good governance practices assists with the characterization of existing good governance practices deployed in European contexts, and demonstrates the applicability of the typology to policy instruments in practice.”
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Clearly, this is an important factor, as a circular bioeconomy requires significant investment and scaling requires the participation of private investors, investment banks, etc. [16].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Naudet, P.M., and Marrazzo, G. (2021). The Governance of Circular Bioeconomy, Practices and Lessons Learnt from European Regions, ACR+. Available online: https://acrplus.org/images/technical-reports/2021_ACR_Circular_Governance_of_Bioeconomy.pdf.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 29
- It may state two separate claims as one. 38
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“The transformation path (TP) is described by Dietz et al. [1] as the root cause of hurdles in the successful implementation of the circular bioeconomy.”
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [1] Dietz, T., Borner, J., Forster, J.J., and Braun, J. (2018). Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies. Sustainability, 10. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 2.2 describes transformation paths as ways bioeconomic change can proceed, not as the root cause of implementation hurdles. Section 3.1 instead says that some researchers identify the path dependence of economic and political development as the root cause of those hurdles. The claim appears to conflate transformation paths with path dependence. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Disputed
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This research demonstrates that these bioeconomy transformation paths and governance strategies are applicable to the circular bioeconomy as well as the broader conceptualization of bio-based economies (as applied by Dietz et al. [1]) and applicable at the regional level as well as the national level (as analyzed in the research of Dietz et al. [1]).”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [1] Dietz, T., Borner, J., Forster, J.J., and Braun, J. (2018). Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies. Sustainability, 10. source
The citation identifies Dietz et al. as the source of the broad bio-based-economy conceptualization and the national-level analysis; the citing authors present applicability to the circular bioeconomy as their own finding. Dietz et al.’s Introduction defines the bioeconomy across all economic sectors, and Section 2.2 describes transformation paths in country contexts. The Introduction also frames the study as an analysis of national bioeconomy politics. (LLM, conf=0.88)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, it remains unclear whether decision-making occurs through consensus, if decisions carry legal weight, or if decision-making authority is established by legislation.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
- Rests on an assumption: The effectiveness of regional circular bioeconomy governance models relies heavily on decision-making and voting mechanisms.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A dataset comprising 61 models was compiled in an MS Excel spreadsheet for further analysis, with 20 model case studies selected for further examination.”
- Also stated in: § Governance Strategies for Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy Development in Europe: Insights and Typologies · p. 1 · plain
“From this compilation, 20 case studies were identified and further explored to develop a typology of regional circular bioeconomy governance strategies in the EU-27.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Governance Strategies for Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy Development in Europe: Insights and Typologies · p. 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regulatory measures were found in two governance models, while in four governance models there was no information available about any driver measures.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
- Rests on an assumption: Driver measures play a crucial role in circular bioeconomy governance.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Voting rights are typically held by members of key actors or municipalities, with no clear specification regarding the weight of these votes, such as adherence to the one member, one vote principle.”
plainn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
- Rests on an assumption: The effectiveness of regional circular bioeconomy governance models relies heavily on decision-making and voting mechanisms.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many of the practices could be deployed in multiple territorial contexts (47%), while some are more oriented toward a rural (24%), urban (16%), or coastal (11%) setting, with a smaller number (1%) described as peri-urban or mountainous/uplands.”
plainn = 75- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These identified good practices were associated with circular bioeconomy activities, which help to restore contaminated land and support regenerative agriculture.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, in the majority of cases (13 out of 20), there was no mention of decisionmaking or dispute resolution processes, suggesting that if such mechanisms exist, they are not publicly disclosed.”
hedgedn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
- Rests on an assumption: The effectiveness of regional circular bioeconomy governance models relies heavily on decision-making and voting mechanisms.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, it delineates two primary governance functions: enabling governance (EG), which facilitates and promotes bioeconomy initiatives, and constraining governance (CG), which sets boundaries and regulations to ensure sustainable practices.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, the specific, targeted objectives across the three sustainability pillars primarily prioritized economic objectives, followed by environmental objectives and then social objectives, indicating a lack of a balanced sustainability approach.”
hedgeddirectn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our findings affirm previous research indicating that numerous European regions have committed to advancing their bioeconomies, with local governments offering extensive political backing to realize this objective.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While all 20 governance models encompassed economic objectives, 19 included environmental objectives, and 18 incorporated social objectives.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within the regional clusters, the distribution of shortlisted practices was as follows: - Balkan regional cluster: 12 good governance practices - Central Europe regional cluster: 7 good governance practices - Eastern Europe regional cluster: 8 good governance practices - Mediterranean regional cluster: 12 good governance practices - North-West Europe regional cluster: 24 good governance practices”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In terms of the local dimension within regional circular bioeconomy governance models, the majority (12 out of 20) exhibited multiple territorial aspects, with rural aspects represented in 5 out of 20 cases, and urban aspects in 3 out of 20 cases.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, how regions handle these conflicting objectives remains uncertain.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regional circular bioeconomy governance model typology developed in this research delineated four bio-based transformation paths and identified two primary governance functions: enabling governance and constraining governance.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Following closer examination of alignment with the definition of good practice outlined in Section 2.2, 75 of the initial 86 were selected for inclusion within the best practices inventory (Supplementary Materials file: Table S2).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Considering the type of strategy used to implement the practice, the vast majority were either public initiatives (40%), or public-private collaborations (47%), with a small amount (9%) that can be identified as private.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Considering the driver measure of the best practices, we find that the majority of these are either related to DM3 (44%) 'information and support' or DM1 (45%) 'economic measures (price, taxation, or subsidies)', the latter being more prevalent in the North-West and Western Europe clusters.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
- Rests on an assumption: Driver measures play a crucial role in circular bioeconomy governance.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The food and feed focus were more pronounced in the Mediterranean cluster (28%) than the other regions (<10%), while a focus on recycling was only identified among practices from the Balkan cluster (17%).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Looking at the territorial setting of these practices, based on the typology options, almost half of the practices (47%) could fit across multiple territorial contexts, with the other remaining practices dedicated specifically to rural (24%), urban (16%), or coastal (10%) settings.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Examining applications within regional clusters, a material use focus was most prevalent in the North-West Europe cluster (63%) and least prevalent in the Eastern Europe cluster (13%).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only a relatively small number related most closely to DM2 'regulatory measures' (11%), most of which were found in the Central and Eastern Europe and Mediterranean clusters.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
- Rests on an assumption: Driver measures play a crucial role in circular bioeconomy governance.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the bottom-up approach is more prevalent than the top-down approach in the Balkan (TS1: 33%, TS2: 50%) and Western Europe clusters (TS1: 0%, TS2: 17%).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Examples of pentahelix collaborations (H1) were less obvious, and none of the shortlisted practices were identified as penta-helix, i.e., involving private investors or financial institutions.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When analyzing the foci of the practices, it seems that the largest proportion of practices link most closely with F2: material use (51%), with a smaller proportion aligned with F1: energy (17%), F3: waste prevention (11%), F5: food and feed (8%) and F4: recycling (3%).”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The analysis reveals a predominance of triple-helix collaboration involving business, knowledge, and administration, with emerging instances of quadruple-helix models involving societal engagement.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Firstly, it plays a safeguarding role, necessitating explicit measures to ensure economic, social, and ecological sustainability through appropriate governance approaches [4].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] OECD (2021). Governance and Policy Instruments for a Sustainable Bioeconomy, OECD Publishing.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This drawback is reinforced by the lack of harmonization of bioeconomy standards and the data supporting them, necessitating the creation of a facilitated policy environment.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For a sustainable circular bioeconomy, governance serves two pivotal functions [3].”
- Also stated in: § 2. Materials and Methods · p. 5 · plain
“These models serve two vital functions for fostering a sustainable, circular bioeconomy: an enabling function and a safeguarding (constraining) function.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Thran, D., and Moesenfechtel, U. (2022). The Bioeconomy System, Springer. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 2. Materials and Methods · p. 5 · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Dietz et al. [1] have delineated a taxonomy of political support measures (enabling governance) as the primary governance challenge, and regulatory tools (constraining governance) as the secondary governance challenge, thereby distinguishing between the two fundamental political challenges in establishing an effective governance framework for a sustainable bioeconomy.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Dietz, T., Borner, J., Forster, J.J., and Braun, J. (2018). Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies. Sustainability, 10. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not checked yet
In the paper
“Furthermore, regions can attract investments in local demonstration or flagship projects, leveraging funds such as the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIFs) and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), thereby fostering local job creation, regional economic growth, and opportunities in the regional primary production sectors [6].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] (2024, February 10). Bio-Based Industries Consortium. Available online: https://biconsortium.eu/.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Secondly, governance facilitates an enabling function by ensuring fair competitive conditions for circular bioeconomy processes and products, thus enabling efficient decision-making regarding alternative technologies and resources that are essential for this transition [3].”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Thran, D., and Moesenfechtel, U. (2022). The Bioeconomy System, Springer. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Disclosing conflicting goals and engaging in prioritization discussions are essential steps toward establishing a sustainable circular bioeconomy [3].”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Thran, D., and Moesenfechtel, U. (2022). The Bioeconomy System, Springer. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Out of the initial 61 models collected, several were excluded due to incomplete or missing data. Additionally, models lacking mention of support measures and those at the national level, except for small countries, were eliminated, as the analysis primarily focuses on the sub-national, regional level.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Previous research into suitable regional policies to support bio-based business models has characterized the existing policies in place for supporting a bio-based economy [18].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Elbersen, B., Houtkamp, J., Coninx, I., van den Oever, M., Hatvani, N., Koos, A., Mateffy, K., Kulmány, I., and Vásáry, V. (2020). An Overview of Suitable Regional Policies to Support Bio-Based Business Models (Deliverable 4.2), Power4Bio. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not checked yet
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Path dependencies have been underscored as the primary obstacles to the effective realization of the circular bioeconomy.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Dietz, T., Borner, J., Forster, J.J., and Braun, J. (2018). Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies. Sustainability, 10. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not checked yet
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The local characteristics and dimensions of a region are likely influential for the efficacy of regional circular bioeconomy governance models.”
hedgedconditionaln = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
In the paper
“The primary objective of a circular bioeconomy governance model is to establish equitable competitive conditions for bioeconomy processes and products, facilitating effective choices among alternative technologies and biogenic and non-biogenic resources in markets [3].”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Thran, D., and Moesenfechtel, U. (2022). The Bioeconomy System, Springer. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Dietz et al. [1] distinguish three enabling governance mechanisms (Table 3):”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Dietz, T., Borner, J., Forster, J.J., and Braun, J. (2018). Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies. Sustainability, 10. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not checked yet
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Managing conflicts in goals and effectively addressing conflicting objectives represent the second governance challenge, known as constraining governance.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Dietz, T., Borner, J., Forster, J.J., and Braun, J. (2018). Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies. Sustainability, 10. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not checked yet
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While primarily targeting the regional level, some national models were included, particularly for small countries or in cases where regional models were unavailable.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The quadruple helix model extends this to include civil society organizations (CSOs) representing local communities, while the penta helix model expands stakeholder engagement further to incorporate representatives from the financial sector (penta helix), which can enhance the effectiveness of implementing regional circular bioeconomy initiatives.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Naudet, P.M., and Marrazzo, G. (2021). The Governance of Circular Bioeconomy, Practices and Lessons Learnt from European Regions, ACR+. Available online: https://acrplus.org/images/technical-reports/2021_ACR_Circular_Governance_of_Bioeconomy.pdf.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The following types of bioeconomy policy instruments were identified by Elbersen et al. [18] and have also been used to classify and analyze good practices in this study. - Fiscal and financial instruments - Regulatory instruments - Information and advisory instruments - Networking, collaboration, and joint planning instruments - Voluntary instruments - Other instruments”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Elbersen, B., Houtkamp, J., Coninx, I., van den Oever, M., Hatvani, N., Koos, A., Mateffy, K., Kulmány, I., and Vásáry, V. (2020). An Overview of Suitable Regional Policies to Support Bio-Based Business Models (Deliverable 4.2), Power4Bio. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not checked yet
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The journey toward a circular bioeconomy involves intricate dynamics arising from the interplay of economic, technological, institutional, cultural, and ecological factors across various levels [17]”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Bosman, R., and Rotmans, J. (2016). Transition Governance towards a Bioeconomy: A Comparison of Finland and the Netherlands. Sustainability, 8. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not checked yet
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The journey toward a circular bioeconomy involves intricate dynamics arising from the interplay of economic, technological, institutional, cultural, and ecological factors across various levels [17], and governance strategies that engage appropriate stakeholders for the regional context are therefore critical for regional circular bioeconomy development.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Bosman, R., and Rotmans, J. (2016). Transition Governance towards a Bioeconomy: A Comparison of Finland and the Netherlands. Sustainability, 8. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Not checked yet
In the paper
“Financial institutions have distinct criteria and programs that need to be taken into account during the process to ensure that circular bioeconomy governance models receive the necessary support [16].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Naudet, P.M., and Marrazzo, G. (2021). The Governance of Circular Bioeconomy, Practices and Lessons Learnt from European Regions, ACR+. Available online: https://acrplus.org/images/technical-reports/2021_ACR_Circular_Governance_of_Bioeconomy.pdf.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The triple helix model of innovation emphasizes collaboration between specific institutional domains, namely government, industry, and universities [15].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Anttonen, M., Lammi, M., Mykkänen, J., and Repo, P. (2018). Circular Economy in the Triple Helix of Innovation Systems. Sustainability, 10. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not checked yet
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The typology takes account of innovation governance strategies as described by the triple helix, quadruple helix, and penta helix models.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The models were compiled with the assistance of local subject matter experts in each region to ensure representation of case studies spanning across the EU and covering the most diverse array of governance models possible for which accurate and complete data were available.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The typology of circular bioeconomy governance models shown in this paper is built upon this theoretical framework, further elaborating on its structure.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Dietz, T., Borner, J., Forster, J.J., and Braun, J. (2018). Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies. Sustainability, 10. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not checked yet
In the paper
“Clearly, this is an important factor, as a circular bioeconomy requires significant investment and scaling requires the participation of private investors, investment banks, etc. [16].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Naudet, P.M., and Marrazzo, G. (2021). The Governance of Circular Bioeconomy, Practices and Lessons Learnt from European Regions, ACR+. Available online: https://acrplus.org/images/technical-reports/2021_ACR_Circular_Governance_of_Bioeconomy.pdf.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Regional development sits within a broader framework of national and international social, economic, political, and ecological influences, e.g., national and international policies and regulations, and socio-ecological and market dynamics [24,25].”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] Dietz, 2023, Towards effective national and international governance for a sustainable bioeconomy: A global expert perspective, EFB Bioecon. J. source
- Not checked yetcites [25] Bößner, S., Johnson, F.X., and Shawoo, Z. (2021). Governing the Bioeconomy: What Role for International Institutions?. Sustainability, 13. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Dietz et al. [24] describe major national and international barriers to sustainable bioeconomy development, for example a 'lack of policy coordination and harmonization' at the national level, and a lack of 'binding international laws and regulations' at the international level.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] Dietz, 2023, Towards effective national and international governance for a sustainable bioeconomy: A global expert perspective, EFB Bioecon. J. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This emphasizes that regional and national government is playing a significant role in the development of initiatives to support regional circular bioeconomy development, but also that the private sector is engaging and seeing the commercial benefit of many of these developments.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This research demonstrates that these bioeconomy transformation paths and governance strategies are applicable to the circular bioeconomy as well as the broader conceptualization of bio-based economies (as applied by Dietz et al. [1]) and applicable at the regional level as well as the national level (as analyzed in the research of Dietz et al. [1]).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Dietz, T., Borner, J., Forster, J.J., and Braun, J. (2018). Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies. Sustainability, 10. source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not checked yet
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The European Circular Bioeconomy Fund and initiatives of the Nordic Investment Bank supporting investment in bioeconomy scale-up, among others, show that there is a growing interest from the capital stakeholders, and significant further potential for development of penta-helix models.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper relies on this without support.
Harmonization of the methodology for the circular bioeconomy for both the public and private sector is possible.
“In reality, harmonization of sustainability measurement for the circular bioeconomy may not be possible [14], but harmonization of the methodology for both the public and private sector seems possible.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 20 circular bioeconomy case studies are representative of regional circular bioeconomy governance models across the EU-27.
“Through an examination of 20 circular bioeconomy case studies, a typology of regional bioeconomy governance models was developed, delineated along 10 dimensions.”
“The results of the study provide a comprehensive insight into regional circular bioeconomy governance strategies and models within the EU-27.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 75 shortlisted good governance practices are representative of good governance practices across Europe.
“The shortlisted good governance practices were widely distributed across Europe and the different regional jurisdictions described in Section 2.”
“A total of 86 practices were initially identified in the screening of regional circular bioeconomy good governance practices.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The regional clusters used for sourcing good practices are meaningful groupings for analyzing regional circular bioeconomy governance.
“To ensure a broad coverage of good practices, to promote learnings from different jurisdictions of Europe, and to also allocate the collection between different research collaborators with regional circular bioeconomy expertise, it was decided to distribute European countries into different regional clusters for good practice sourcing.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The data collection template accurately captures the relevant aspects of good governance practices.
“Adata collection template was subsequently developed to collect bioeconomy good governance practices.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The literature review and consultation within the authors' networks identified all relevant good practices fulfilling the criteria.
“Secondly, a literature review, including searches of white and grey literature, a review of circular bioeconomy governance research projects, e.g., the EU CORDIS database, and consultation within the authors' own networks were undertaken to identify relevant practices fulfilling the circular bioeconomy good governance practice criteria.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The effectiveness of regional circular bioeconomy governance models relies heavily on decision-making and voting mechanisms.
“The effectiveness of regional circular bioeconomy governance models relies heavily on decision-making and voting mechanisms.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Driver measures play a crucial role in circular bioeconomy governance.
“Driver measures play a crucial role, differentiating between regulatory measures and economic measures like price incentives, taxation, or subsidies.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ 3.3.8. Foci of Regional Circular Bioeconomy Good Governance Practices · p. 16
“The food and feed focus were more pronounced in the Mediterranean cluster (28%)”
§ 3.2. Results from Collection of Good Governance Policies for Supporting Local Stakeholders toward Bioeconomy Implementation · p. 12
“Mediterranean regional cluster: 12 good governance practices”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ 3.3.6. Territorial Aspects Applied to Good Governance Practices · p. 15
“the other remaining practices dedicated specifically to rural (24%), urban (16%), or coastal (10%) settings.”
§ 3.2.2. Territorial Context of Regional Circular Bioeconomy Good Governance Practices · p. 13
“| Coastal | 8 | 11% |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ 3.3.9. Implementation Strategy of Regional Circular Bioeconomy Good Governance Practices · p. 16
“Public-private collaborations were more prevalent among practices from the Balkan and North-West and Western Europe clusters (67%, 46% and 48% of practices, respectively).”
§ 3.2. Results from Collection of Good Governance Policies for Supporting Local Stakeholders toward Bioeconomy Implementation · p. 12
“Western Europe regional cluster: 12 good governance practices”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ 3.3.4. Helix Models Applied to Good Governance Practices · p. 15
“The remaining 33% also brought society on board, (quadruple-helix collaborations: H2)”
§ 3.3.4. Helix Models Applied to Good Governance Practices · p. 15
“The majority (56%) of good governance practices were triple-helix collaborations (H3), combining business and knowledge with administration.”
Citations
Cites
The circular bioeconomy: Its elements and role in European bioeconomy clusters
Stegmann, P., Londo, M., & Junginger, M. (2020) · Resources, Conservation & Recycling: X · doi:10.1016/j.rcrx.2019.100029 · Cited by 594
Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies
Dietz, T., Börner, J., Förster, J. J., & Von Braun, J. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10093190 · Cited by 288
Transition Governance towards a Bioeconomy: A Comparison of Finland and The Netherlands
Bosman, R., & Rotmans, J. (2016) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su8101017 · Cited by 136
Characteristics of bioeconomy systems and sustainability issues at the territorial scale. A review
Wohlfahrt, J., Ferchaud, F., Gabrielle, B., Godard, C., Kurek, B., Loyce, C., & Thérond, O. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.385 · Cited by 111
Designing Global Governance for Agricultural Development and Food and Nutrition Security
von Braun, J., & Regina Birner, B. (2016) · Review of Development Economics · doi:10.1111/rode.12261 · Cited by 72
Circular Economy in the Triple Helix of Innovation Systems
Anttonen, M., Lammi, M., Mykkänen, J., & Repo, P. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10082646 · Cited by 51
Gardossi, L., Philp, J., Fava, F., Winickoff, D., D'Aprile, L., Dell'Anno, B., Marvik, O. J., & Lenzi, A. (2023) · EFB Bioeconomy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bioeco.2023.100053 · Cited by 43
Multi-Actor Social Networks: A Social Practice Approach to Understanding Food Hubs
Hyland, J. J., & Macken‐Walsh, Á. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14031894 · Cited by 32
Dietz, T., Rubio Jovel, K., Deciancio, M., Boldt, C., & Börner, J. (2023) · EFB Bioeconomy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bioeco.2023.100058 · Cited by 28
Strategic Challenges for Sustainable Governance of the Bioeconomy: Preventing Conflict between SDGs
Maksymiv, Y., Yakubiv, V., Pylypiv, N., Hryhoruk, I., Piatnychuk, I., & Popadynets, N. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13158308 · Cited by 21
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, and Haarich, S. (2024, February 10). Bioeconomy Development in EU Regions—Mapping of EU Member States’/Regions’ Research and Innovation Plans & Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3) on Bioeconomy—Final Report. Available online: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/84684. · DOI
- Lai, M. (2018). Making the most of project and good practice examples. ENRD Workshop on “Project Examples and Good Practices: Approaches to Collection and Dissemination”, European Network for Rural Development.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
European bioeconomy strategies could better integrate sustainability agendas
Warchold, A., Li, J., & Pradhan, P. (2025) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-025-01752-1 · Cited by 17
Morone, P., Vieira, H., Lange, L. T., van der Meer, Y., Penttilä, M. E., Dragicevic, A. Z., Koukios, E. G., Krommes, S., Alvarino, T., Vincēviča–Gaile, Z., et al. (2026) · Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy · doi:10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100204 · Cited by 6
Driving Sustainability: Circular Bioeconomy and Governance in Andalusia (Southern Spain)
Sayadi, S., Cerón, M. C., Capote, C., Parra-López, C., García, M., Ronchel, C., Dueñas-Sánchez, R., Ortiz, E., Argüelles, M., & Maceín, J. L. C. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17073128 · Cited by 4
Masso-Ardila, V., Paulo, J. A., Lafuente, D. L., Santos, D., Marques, S., & Borges, J. G. (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2025.1628091 · Cited by 1
Recovery of Energy and Nutrients from Natural Resources, Biomass, and Solid Wastes
Sharma, S., Mudgal, G., Vasantharekha, R., Dhar, S. K., Kaur, J., & Atuchin, V. (2026) · World sustainability series · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-17907-4_4 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Skondras, A., Nastis, S. A., Skalidi, I., Theofilou, A., Bakousi, A., Mone, T., Tsifodimou, Z. E., Gaffey, J., Ludgate, R., O’Connor, T., Grozdanic, D., O’Dwyer, B., Pappa, E., Pantazi, K., & Stylianidis, E.
- Affiliations
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- Munster Technological University (IE)
- Cantillon Academy, Munster Technological University, V92 CX88 Tralee, Ireland
- Region of Central Macedonia (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Skondras, Alexandros
- Stylianidis, Efstratios
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-06-17
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5140
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4399738094
- Semantic Scholar
- 853a8f034bd6b2dcf3d448153af8954bfe1e0bb4
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 9.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Actions programme (101060504)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Sustainable Industrial Ecology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Keywords
- circular bioeconomy, regional governance, governance models, sustainable regional development, sustainability conflicts, policy replication, European regions, best practices
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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