The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Heavy Metal Mixture Exposure and Effects in Developing Nations: An Update
Open accessAbstract
The drive for development and modernization has come at great cost. Various human activities in developed and developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have given rise to environmental safety concerns. Increased artisanal mining activities, illegal refining, use of leaded petrol, airborne dust, arbitrary discarding and burning of toxic waste, absorption of production industries in inhabited areas, inadequate environmental legislation, and weak implementation of policies, have given rise to the incomparable contamination and pollution associated with heavy metals in recent decades. This review evaluates the public health effects of heavy metals and their mixtures in SSA. This shows the extent and size of the problem posed by exposure to heavy metal mixtures in regard to public health.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395
Metals, Toxicity and Oxidative Stress
Valko, M., Morris, H., & Cronin, M. (2005) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867053764635 · Cited by 5,018
Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review
Nagajyoti, P. C., Lee, K. D., & Sreekanth, T. V. M. (2010) · Environmental Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8 · Cited by 3,962
Oxidative Stress: An Essential Factor in the Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Diseases
Bhattacharyya, A., Chattopadhyay, R., Mitra, S., & Crowe, S. E. (2014) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2012 · Cited by 2,484
Lee, W. M. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra021844 · Cited by 1,594
Naujokas, M. F., Anderson, B., Ahsan, H., Aposhian, H. V., Graziano, J. H., Thompson, C., & Suk, W. A. (2013) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1205875 · Cited by 1,372
Decreased Brain Volume in Adults with Childhood Lead Exposure
Cecil, K. M., Brubaker, C. J., Adler, C. M., Dietrich, K. N., Altaye, M., Egelhoff, J. C., Wessel, S., Elangovan, I., Hornung, R., Jarvis, K., et al. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050112 · Cited by 458
Ye, S.-M., & Johnson, R. W. (2001) · Neuroimmunomodulation · doi:10.1159/000049025 · Cited by 203
Cited by
Bashir, M. F., MA, B. J., Bilal, Komal, B., Bashir, M. A., Farooq, T. H., Iqbal, N., & Bashir, M. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109652 · Cited by 452
Mixed Contaminants: Occurrence, Interactions, Toxicity, Detection, and Remediation
Goutam Mukherjee, A., Ramesh Wanjari, U., Eladl, M. A., El-Sherbiny, M., Elsherbini, D. M. A., Sukumar, A., Kannampuzha, S., Ravichandran, M., Renu, K., Vellingiri, B., et al. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27082577 · Cited by 94
Metadata
- Authors
- Anyanwu, B. O., Ezejiofor, A. N., Igweze, Z. N., & Orisakwe, O. E.
- Venue
- Toxics
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-11-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 65
- ISSN
- 2305-6304 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2899166624
- Cited by
- 326
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 11.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Heavy Metal Mixture Exposure and Effects in Developing Nations: An Update. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/toxics6040065
- The paper
- Anyanwu, B. O., Ezejiofor, A. N., Igweze, Z. N., & Orisakwe, O. E. (2018). Heavy Metal Mixture Exposure and Effects in Developing Nations: An Update. Toxics. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics6040065
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
