Intergenerational violence in Burundi: Experienced childhood maltreatment increases the risk of abusive child rearing and intimate partner violence
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Experiencing abuse during childhood affects the psychological well-being of individuals throughout their lives and may even influence their offspring by enhancing the likelihood of an intergenerational transmission of violence. Understanding the effects of childhood maltreatment on child-rearing practices and intimate partner violence might be of particular importance to overcome the consequences of violent conflicts in African societies. OBJECTIVE: Using Burundi as an example, we aimed to explore the associations between childhood maltreatment, intimate partner violence, perceived partner intimidation, gender and the probability of violently acting out against one's own children or romantic partner. METHODS: Amongst a sample of 141 men and 141 women in the capital of Burundi, we identified those who had biological children and those who lived or had lived in relationships. Using culturally appropriate instruments, we enquired about their exposure to childhood maltreatment and partner violence as well as their inclinations to act out violently. RESULTS: We found that childhood maltreatment and perceived partner intimidation were strong predictors for the perpetration of violence against children. Moreover, we found that women were more likely to use violence against children if they experienced partner violence and less likely to resort to violence if they felt intimidated. Men were more likely to perpetrate violence against their partner. Childhood maltreatment was again a strong predictor. The more women experienced partner violence, the more they fought back. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood maltreatment is a strong predictor for domestic violence and has to be addressed to interrupt the cycle of violence in post-conflict countries.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: a meta-analytic review
Archer, J. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.651 · Cited by 2,507 · see citing works
Bernstein, H. L., Horowitz, D. L., Lange, D. L., Powell, H. J., Shimm, M. G., Weistart, J. C., Danner, R. A., Germain, C., Baccari, B. A., Eichhorn, L. A., et al. (1990) · Cited by 1,803 · see citing works
Abramsky, T., Watts, C. H., Garcia-Moreno, C., Devries, K., Kiss, L., Ellsberg, M., Jansen, H. A., & Heise, L. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-109 · Cited by 1,413 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…(1) experiencing maltreatment during childhood has been identified as a major risk factor for perpetrating violence against the intimate partner (e.g., Abramsky et al., 2011; Ehrensaft et al., 2003; Roberts, McLaughlin, Conron, & Koenen, 2011) and the own offspring (Pears & Capaldi, 2001).”
BackgroundPhysical health consequences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence
Coker, A. L. (2000) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.9.5.451 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study.
Ehrensaft, M. K., Cohen, P., Brown, J., Smailes, E., Chen, H., & Johnson, J. G. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.4.741 · Cited by 1,119 · see citing works
Teicher, M. H., & Samson, J. A. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12070957 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
Kelly, J. B., & Johnson, M. P. (2008) · Family Court Review · doi:10.1111/j.1744-1617.2008.00215.x · Cited by 801 · see citing works
(2004) · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Intergenerational transmission of abuse: A two-generational prospective study of an at-risk sample
Pears, K. C., & Capaldi, D. M. (2001) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(01)00286-1 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Associations Between Early Life Stress and Gene Methylation in Children
Romens, S. E., McDonald, J., Svaren, J., & Pollak, S. D. (2015) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12270 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
The intergenerational transmission of relationship violence.
Kwong, M. J., Bartholomew, K., Henderson, A. J. Z., & Trinke, S. J. (2003) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.17.3.288 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Taylor, C. A., Guterman, N. B., Lee, S. J., & Rathouz, P. J. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.126722 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Women's experience of intimate partner violence in Haiti
Gage, A. J. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.078 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
The Development of a Theory of Women’s Use of Violence in Intimate Relationships
Swan, S. C., & Snow, D. L. (2006) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801206293330 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Saile, R., Ertl, V., Neuner, F., & Catani, C. (2013) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.007 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Roberts, A. L., McLaughlin, K. A., Conron, K. J., & Koenen, K. C. (2011) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.10.016 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Risk for Intimate Partner Violence Among South African Adults
Gass, J. D., Stein, D. J., Williams, D. R., & Seedat, S. (2010) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260510390960 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Attitudes and Family Violence: Linking Intergenerational and Cultural Theories
Markowitz, F. E. (2001) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1023/a:1011115104282 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Saile, R., Neuner, F., Ertl, V., & Catani, C. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.046 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Guterman, N. B., & Lee, Y. (2005) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559505274623 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Abrahams, N., & Jewkes, R. (2005) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2003.035006 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Violence breeds violence: Childhood exposure and adolescent conduct problems
Weaver, C. M., Borkowski, J. G., & Whitman, T. L. (2007) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.20219 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN VETERANS WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER WHO SEEK COUPLES THERAPY
Sherman, M. D., Sautter, F., Jackson, M., Lyons, J. A., & Han, X. (2006) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2006.tb01622.x · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Roth, M., Neuner, F., & Elbert, T. (2014) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/1752-4458-8-12 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Prevalence, Societal Causes, and Trends in Corporal Punishment by Parents in World Perspective
Straus, M. A. (2010) · Duke Law Scholarship Repository (Duke University) · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Roman, N. V., & Frantz, J. M. (2013) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cms084 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Weaver, J. R., Vandello, J. A., Bosson, J. K., & Burnaford, R. M. (2009) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-009-9713-6 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Catani, C. (2009) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000261994 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Epigenetic alterations associated with war trauma and childhood maltreatment
Ramo‐Fernández, L., Schneider, A., Wilker, S., & Kolassa, I. (2015) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.2200 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Nandi, C., Crombach, A., Bambonye, M., Elbert, T. R., & Weierstall, R. (2015) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.26553 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationPoisson regression for modeling count and frequency outcomes in trauma research
GAGNON, D. R., Doron‐LaMarca, S., Bell, M. E., O’Farrell, T. J., & Taft, C. T. (2008) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20359 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The benefits of aggressive traits: A study with current and former street children in Burundi
Crombach, A., & Elbert, T. R. (2014) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.12.003 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationWar at Home - a Review of the Relationship between War Trauma and Family Violence
Catani, C. (2010) · PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Crombach, A., Bambonye, M., & Elbert, T. R. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01441 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationMcIntosh, G. C. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-01199-0.50240-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Adolescents and Violence: Lessons from BurundiPreprint
Sommers, M. (2013) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Essay: Restructuring Corporate Debt in the Context of a Systemic Crisis
Hagan, S. (2010) · Duke Law Scholarship Repository (Duke University) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Madigan, S., Cyr, C., Eirich, R., Fearon, R. M. P., Ly, A., Rash, C., Poole, J. C., & Alink, L. R. A. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418001700 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Greene, C. A., Haisley, L., Wallace, C., & Ford, J. D. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101891 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
- Authors
- Crombach, A., & Bambonyé, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Lumière of Bujumbura, Bujumbura, Burundi
- Corresponding author
- Crombach, Anselm
- ORCID
- Crombach, Anselm
- Venue
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-12-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 26995-26995
- ISSN
- 2000-8066 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4696461
- OpenAlex
- W2199484258
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- child abuse, intergenerational transmission of violence, intimate partner violence, domestic violence, post-conflict violence, Burundi
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
