Examining associations between smartphone use, smartphone addiction, and mental health outcomes: A cross-sectional study of college students
Open accessAbstract
Background: Prior studies have indicated the complex relationships of smartphone use and smartphone addiction with mental health and life satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships among smartphone use, smartphone addiction, mental health problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress [DAS] and satisfaction with life [SWL]). Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected by convenience sampling via an online survey of undergraduate students at a Midwestern university in the United States. The sample size of601 collected from undergraduate students that owned a smartphone and completed responses to the variables was utilized in this study. We assessed the hypothesized variables, including smartphone use, smartphone addiction, and mental health outcomes variables on a Likert-type scale. Structural analysis was used to examine the relationships. Results: Results suggested that smartphone use had a significant negative association with DAS symptoms (β = -.31, t = -3.81, P < .001) and was positively associated with SWL (β =.25, t = 3.41, P < .001). However, smartphone use had a significant positive relationship with smartphone addiction (β = .48, t = 5.51, P < .001). Smartphone addiction was positively related to DAS (β = .44, t = 6.33, P < .001), but it was not related to SWL (β = -.08, t = -1.26, P > .05). Conclusion: This study enhances our understanding of the associations between smartphone use and the health and well-being of undergraduate students. Implications for supporting their psychological health are discussed.
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Mobile phone addiction negatively affects college students' academic performance and mental health.
“Studies have also reported that mobile phone addiction negatively affects college students’ academic performance and mental health [7,8].”
From COVID-19 Victimization Experience and College Students’ Mobile Phone Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Effect of Future Anxiety and Mindfulness (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports a negative association between smartphone addiction and mental health among college students. The paper does not report an academic-performance outcome, and its cross-sectional findings do not establish that addiction causes either outcome. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Kil, N., Kim, J., McDaniel, J. T., Kim, J., & Kensinger, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–La Crosse (US)
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale (US)
- Therapeutic Recreation of Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68127, USA
- Corresponding author
- Kil, Namyun
- Venue
- Health Promotion Perspectives
- Publisher
- Maad Rayan Publishing Company
- Published
- 2021-02-07
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 36-44
- ISSN
- 2228-6497 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7967133
- OpenAlex
- W3130165107
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 10.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Health Promotion Perspectives (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Keywords
- smartphone use, smartphone addiction, mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, life satisfaction, university students, undergraduate students, psychological well-being
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