Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in Korea: Prevalence, social networking service, and game use
Open accessAbstract
This study aimed to examine smartphone use patterns, smartphone addiction characteristics, and the predictive factors of the smartphone addiction in middle school students in South Korea. According to the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale scores, 563 (30.9%) were classified as a risk group for smartphone addiction and 1261 (69.1%) were identified as a normal user group. The adolescents used mobile messengers for the longest, followed by Internet surfing, gaming, and social networking service use. The two groups showed significant differences in smartphone use duration, awareness of game overuse, and purposes of playing games. The predictive factors of smartphone addiction were daily smartphone and social networking service use duration, and the awareness of game overuse.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Research clearly indicates that smartphone users at risk of PSU show a stronger denial of overuse than normal users and seem to deny that they are addicted to the smartphone.
“Research clearly indicate that smartphone users at risk of PSU show a stronger denial of overuse than normal users (Cha & Seo, 2018) and seem to deny that they are addicted to the smartphone (Park, 2019).”
From Antecedents and consequences of problematic smartphone use: A systematic literature review of an emerging research area (2021) · cites this paper as Cha & Seo, 2018
The Results report that the risk group showed stronger denial than normal users, but the measured denial concerned game overuse specifically, not smartphone overuse generally. The study population was Korean middle school students. The separate assertion about denying smartphone addiction is attributed to Park (2019), not to Cha and Seo. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredProblematic smartphone use has been found to impede mental well-being and quality of life in children and adolescents.
“Problematic behavior has also been discussed for problematic smartphone use [43], which has been found to impede mental well-being and QoL in children and adolescents [76].”
From Effectiveness of Online and Remote Interventions for Mental Health in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [43]
The Literature review (page unavailable) links smartphone addiction and overuse to psychological problems, including anxiety and depression in adolescents. But the Results and Discussion (pages unavailable) found no significant difference in life satisfaction between students at risk of smartphone addiction and normal users. The claim that problematic use has been found to impede quality of life therefore overstates this paper's findings. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredYounger individuals seem especially vulnerable to negative aspects of digital media usage, such as problematic smartphone use.
“Whereas children, adolescents, and young adults can be considered “digital natives” [42], which might make them especially receptive to online interventions, younger individuals also seem to be especially vulnerable to negative aspects of digital media usage (eg, problematic smartphone use) [43].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
The satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768 · see citing works
Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder
YOUNG, K. S. (1998) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237 · Cited by 5,513 · see citing works
Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
Kraut, R. E., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V. A., Kiesler, S. B., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. L. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.53.9.1017 · Cited by 4,830 · see citing works
Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.9.1017 · Cited by 4,793 · see citing works
A “components” model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework
Griffiths, M. (2005) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659890500114359 · Cited by 3,088 · see citing works
The Smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents
Kwon, M., Kim, D.-J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083558 · Cited by 2,177 · see citing works
Chambers, R. A., Taylor, J. R., & Potenza, M. N. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1041 · Cited by 1,719 · see citing works
Demirci, K., Akgönül, M., & Akpinar, A. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.010 · Cited by 1,529 · see citing works
Psychological Predictors of Problem Mobile Phone Use
Bianchi, A., & Phillips, J. G. (2005) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.39 · Cited by 1,514 · see citing works
Thomée, S., Härenstam, A., & Hagberg, M. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-66 · Cited by 1,269 · see citing works
Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life
Samaha, M., & Hawi, N. S. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.045 · Cited by 1,246 · see citing works
Introduction to Behavioral Addictions
Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Weinstein, A., & Gorelick, D. A. (2010) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952990.2010.491884 · Cited by 1,242 · see citing works
Habits make smartphone use more pervasive.
Oulasvirta, A., Rattenbury, T., Ma, L., & Raita, E. (2012) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-011-0412-2 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior
van Deursen, A. J. A. M., Bolle, C. L., Hegner, S. M., & Kommers, P. A. M. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.039 · Cited by 1,031 · see citing works
Innovations in Clinical Practice : A Source Book
VandeCreek, L. D., & Jackson, T. L. (1992) · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
Lemola, S., Perkinson-Gloor, N., Brand, S., Dewald-Kaufmann, J. F., & Grob, A. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0176-x · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Falaki, H., Mahajan, R., Kandula, S., Lymberopoulos, D., Govindan, R., & Estrin, D. L. (2010) · International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services · doi:10.1145/1814433.1814453 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Shaw, M. C., & Black, D. W. (2008) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200822050-00001 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Junco, R. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.08.026 · Cited by 843 · see citing works
Sociability, Interpersonal Relations, and the Internet: Reconciling Conflicting Findings
NIE, N. H. (2001) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027640121957277 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students
Roberts, J., Yaya, L., & Manolis, C. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/jba.3.2014.015 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Social networking on smartphones: When mobile phones become addictive
Salehan, M., & Negahban, A. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.003 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Internet Addicts: Treatment Outcomes and Implications
Young, K. S. (2007) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.9971 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Development and validation of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI)
Lin, Y.-H., Chang, L.-R., Lee, Y.-H., Tseng, H.-W., Kuo, T. B. J., & Chen, S.-H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098312 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
The role of impulsivity in actual and problematic use of the mobile phone
Billieux, J., Van der Linden, M., & Rochat, L. (2008) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1429 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Factors associated with Internet addiction among adolescents
Lam, L. T., Peng, Z.-W., Mai, J.-C., & Jing, J. (2009) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2009.0036 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
What type of content are smartphone users addicted to?: SNS vs. games
Jeong, S.-H., Kim, H., Yum, J.-Y., & Hwang, Y. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.035 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Internet Gratifications and Internet Addiction: On the Uses and Abuses of New Media
Song, I., LaRose, R., Eastin, M. S., & Lin, C. A. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2004.7.384 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Internet Behaviors and Addiction Among Adolescents in Six Asian Countries
Mak, K.-K., Lai, C.-M., Watanabe, H., Kim, D.-I., Bahar, N., Ramos, M. S., Young, K., Ho, R. C. M., Aum, N.-R., & Cheng, C. (2014) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0139 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Smartphone addiction among university students in the light of some variables
Aljomaa, S. S., Al.Qudah, M. F., Albursan, I. S., Bakhiet, S. F., & Abduljabbar, A. S. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.041 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Griffiths, M., & University of Plymouth (1995) · Clinical Psychology Forum · doi:10.53841/bpscpf.1995.1.76.14 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Exposure to Internet Pornography among Children and Adolescents: A National Survey
Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2005) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.473 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Lin, Y.-H., Lin, Y.-C., Lee, Y.-H., Lin, P.-H., Lin, S.-H., Chang, L.-R., Tseng, H.-W., Yen, L.-Y., Yang, C. C. H., & Kuo, T. B. J. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.003 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Journal of Behavioral Addictions
(2013) · repository of the Library and Information Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (REAL-J) · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Prevalence of problematic mobile phone use in British adolescents.
Lopez-Fernandez, O., Honrubia-Serrano, L., Freixa-Blanxart, M., & Gibson, W. (2014) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0260 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Subjective well-being: An interdisciplinary perspective
Michaelos, A. C. (1992) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00304399 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Kim, J.-H., Seo, M., & David, P. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.030 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Demirci, K., Orhan, H., Demirdaş, A., Akpınar, A., & Sert, H. (2014) · Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5455/bcp.20140710040824 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Wolniczak, I., Cáceres-DelAguila, J. A., Palma-Ardiles, G., Arroyo, K. J., Solís-Visscher, R., Paredes-Yauri, S., Mego-Aquije, K., & Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059087 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Park, N., & Lee, H. (2012) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0580 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Personality Strength and Social Capital
Scheufele, D. A., & Shah, D. V. (2000) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365000027002001 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Keeping in constant touch: The predictors of young Australians’ mobile phone involvement
Walsh, S. P., White, K. M., Cox, S. D., & Young, R. M. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.08.011 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., Romo, L., Morvan, Y., Kern, L., Graziani, P., Rousseau, A., Rumpf, H.-J., Bischof, A., Gässler, A.-K., et al. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.020 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Internet function and internet addictive behavior.
Li, S.-M., & Chung, T.-M. (2006) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.030 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Grown up digital: how the net generation is changing your world
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-3242 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Ha, Y., & Hwang, W. J. (2014) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-014-9500-7 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Lee, H.-G., Chung, S., & Lee, W. (2012) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444812464033 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Frangos, C. C., Frangos, C. C., & Sotiropoulos, I. (2010) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0306 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Loneliness and Internet Use and Abuse
Morahan-Martin, J. M. (1999) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.1999.2.431 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Understanding the means and objects of addiction: Technology, the internet, and gambling
Shaffer, H. J. (1996) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/bf01539189 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Outdoor Light at Night (LAN) Is Correlated With Eveningness in Adolescents
Vollmer, C., Michel, U., & Randler, C. (2012) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2011.635232 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
The relationship between media use in the bedroom, sleep habits and symptoms of insomnia
Brunborg, G. S., Mentzoni, R. A., Molde, H., Myrseth, H., Skouverøe, K. J. M., Bjorvatn, B., & Pallesen, S. (2011) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2011.00913.x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Enhancing Student Performance Using Tablet Computers
Enriquez, A. G. (2010) · College Teaching · doi:10.1080/87567550903263859 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Evraire, L. E., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.014 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Smartphone gaming and frequent use pattern associated with smartphone addiction
Liu, C.-H., Lin, S., Pan, Y., & Lin, Y. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000004068 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Cougle, J. R., Fitch, K. E., Fincham, F. D., Riccardi, C. J., Keough, M. E., & Timpano, K. R. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.001 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Cell phone use and behavioural problems in young children
Divan, H. A., Kheifets, L., Obel, C., & Olsen, J. (2010) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2010.115402 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
On the Gendered Nature of Mobile Phone Culture in Israel
Lemish, D., & Cohen, A. A. (2005) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-005-3717-7 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Associations between overuse of the internet and mental health in adolescents
Yoo, Y., Cho, O., & Cha, K. (2013) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.12086 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Mobile Telephones, Computers, and the Internet: Sex Differences in Adolescents' Use and Attitudes
Rees, H. J., & Noyes, J. (2007) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9927 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Τσίτσικα, Ά., Critselis, E., Kormas, G., Konstantoulaki, E., Constantopoulos, A., & Kafetzis, D. A. (2009) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0346 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Loneliness and new technologies in a group of Roman adolescents
Prezza, M., Pacilli, M. G., & Dinelli, S. (2003) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2003.10.008 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Smartphone Addiction: Linking Loneliness, Shyness, Symptoms and Patterns of Use to Social Capital
Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2014) · Media Asia · doi:10.1080/01296612.2014.11690012 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Korean Adolescent Girls' Addictive Use of Mobile Phones to Maintain Interpersonal Solidarity
Chung, N. (2011) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2011.39.10.1349 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Factors Affecting Aggression in South Korean Middle School Students
Park, M., Choi, J., & Lim, S. (2014) · Asian Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.anr.2014.05.007 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Abo-Jedi A (2008) Cellphone addiction and its relation to self-closure in a sample of Jordanian university and Amman private university students. The Jordanian Journal for Educational Sciences 4: 137– 150.
- Alasdair A Philips J (2017) Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunnication or DECT phones. Available at: http://www.powerwatch.org.uk, pp. 1– 12.
- Attamimi A (2011) The reasons for the prevalence of BlackBerry cellphones and the resulting educational effects from the perspective of secondary school students in Abo-Dhabi. Conference on the negative effects of cellphones on secondary school students, UAE, pp. 105– 130 (in Arabic).
- Boehmer M Hecht B Schoening J et al (2011) Falling asleep with angry birds, Facebook and kindle—A large scale study on mobile application usage. In: Procceedings of MobileHCI, Stockholm, 30 August-2 September, Stockholm, pp. 47– 56.
- Chakraborty S (2006) Mobile phone use patterns amongst university students: A comparative study between India and USA. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
- Heron D Shapira NA (2004) Time to log off: New diagnostic criteria for problematic internet use. Current Psychiatry 2(4): 21– 29.
- Kahneman D Krueger AB (2006) Developments in the measurement of subjective well-being. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 20(1): 3– 24.
- Richard A (2001) Internet Addiction. New York: New York University Press.
- Scherer K (1997) College life online: Healthy and unhealthy Internet use. Journal of College Student Development 38: 655– 665.
- Young KS (1999) Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. In: Vandecreek L Knapp S Jackson TL (eds) Innovations in Clinical Practice: A Sourcebook. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press, pp. 1– 13.
- Zulkefly SN Baharudin R (2009) Mobile phone use amongst students in a university of Malaysia: Its correlates and relation to psychological health. European Journal of Scientific Research 37: 206– 218.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Busch, P. A., & McCarthy, S. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106414 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health
Abi-Jaoude, E., Naylor, K. T., & Pignatiello, A. (2020) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.190434 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Smartphone addiction and associated consequences: Role of loneliness and self-regulation
Mahapatra, S. (2019) · Behaviour & Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2018.1560499 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
A taxonomy of technology design features that promote potentially addictive online behaviours
Flayelle, M., Brevers, D., King, D. L., Maurage, P., Perales, J. C., & Billieux, J. (2023) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-023-00153-4 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Children's use of mobile devices, smartphone addiction and parental mediation in Taiwan
Chang, F.-C., Chiu, C.-H., Chen, P.-H., Chiang, J.-T., Miao, N.-F., Chuang, H.-Y., & Liu, S. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.048 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Abbasi, G. A., Jagaveeran, M., Goh, Y.-N., & Tariq, B. (2021) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101521 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Alotaibi, M., Fox, M., Coman, R., Ratan, Z., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19063710 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Buctot, D. B., Kim, N., & Kim, J. J. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104758 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Buctot, D. B., Kim, N., & Kim, S. H. (2020) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3571366 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Albursan, I. S., Al. Qudah, M. F., Al-Barashdi, H. S., Bakhiet, S. F., Darandari, E., Al-Asqah, S. S., Hammad, H. I., Al-Khadher, M. M., Qara, S., Al-Mutairy, S. H., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610439 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Prolonged Mobile Phone Use Is Associated with Poor Academic Performance in Adolescents
Liu, X., Luo, Y., Liu, Z.-Z., Yang, Y., Liu, J., & Jia, C.-X. (2020) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2019.0591 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Fischer‐Grote, L., Kothgassner, O. D., & Felnhofer, A. (2021) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.15714 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Kil, N., Kim, J., McDaniel, J. T., Kim, J., & Kensinger, K. (2021) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.34172/hpp.2021.06 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“For example, Cha and Seo 22 determined that the duration of daily smartphone and social networking use was related to smartphone addiction among Korean middle school students.”
Fischer-Grote, L., Fössing, V., Aigner, M., Fehrmann, E., & Boeckle, M. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/46637 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Whereas children, adolescents, and young adults can be considered “digital natives” [42], which might make them especially receptive to online interventions, younger individuals also seem to be especially vulnerable to negative aspects of digital media usage (eg, problematic smartphone use) [43].”
BackgroundKim, H. R., & Han, M. A. (2020) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2020.0007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Li, H., Ma, X., Fang, J., Liang, G., Lin, R., Liao, W., & Yang, X. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010176 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Wu, N., Yan, J., Yu, J., Liao, L., & Wang, H. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283634 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cha, S.-S., & Seo, B.-K.
- Affiliations
- Eulji University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Seo, Bo-Kyung
- Venue
- Health Psychology Open
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2055102918755046-2055102918755046
- ISSN
- 2055-1029 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5802650
- OpenAlex
- W2788431819
- Cited by
- 592
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 9
- FWCI
- 146.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Health Psychology Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Keywords
- smartphone addiction, junior high school students, adolescents, mobile gaming, smartphone use patterns, smartphone use duration, predictive factors, South Korea
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
