Role of iron in hepatic fibrosis: One piece in the puzzle
Open accessAbstract
Rieske proteins of the respiratory chain) [1] .Iron is involved in the redox-driven processes of oxygen transport, electron transport and various enzymatic reactions such as DNA synthesis, transcriptional regulation, catalysis as well as nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen sensing [1] .Mammals do not have any major physiological pathway for iron excretion.Therefore, iron uptake and storage is closely regulated so as to avoid deficiency, and excess.In humans, iron deficiency is manifested as anaemia and with increasing severity can eventually result in cardiac failure.Iron overload, especially at sites of storage, enhances oxidative stress ultimately leading to lipid, nucleic acid and protein peroxidation.Within the liver, which is the major site of iron storage, enhanced oxidative stress can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and death.In this review, we outline the hepatic disease states where iron is an important factor in disease progression.We also discuss the role of iron in promoting liver fibrosis and those cells and mechanisms most important in the underlying wound healing/fibrotic processes. HEPATIC FIBROSISHepatic fibrosis is promoted by various pathogenic, mechanical and toxic insults to the liver, and is part of a physiological wound healing response.If the injurious stimuli are chronic, the degree of fibrosis worsens, leading to cirrhosis, and eventually to hepatic failure and death.The interactions between various resident hepatic cell populations and immune cells that lead to the establishment of fibrosis are complex, and not yet fully understood.However, some profibrogenic pathways and clinical outcomes are common to several disease states, and these will be briefly outlined below.In the nor mal liver, a balance is str uck between extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and degradation, a process that is tightly regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their specific inhibitors (TIMPs) [2] .Fibrosis is associated with major quantitative and qualitative changes in the ECM.These changes are mainly due to an increase in the expression of TIMP-1 [3] and an increase in the expression of various ECM components, which include fibrillary collagensⅠand Ⅲ, collagen Ⅳ, fibronectin, elastin and laminin [4] .The hepatic stellate cell (HSC) resides within the space of Disse, and is responsible for the majority of ECM deposition in the normal and fibrotic liver [5,6] .In the normal liver the primary role of the HSC is the regulation of ������ ��������� ������ ��������� R���� ��� ����� ��� ��������� ���������� ����� �������� ��� ���� ������� ���� ��� ����� ��� ��������� ���������� ����� �������� ��� ���� ������� �������� ��� ���� ������� ������� ��� ���� ������� ������� ������
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In alcoholic liver disease, both iron and alcohol contribute to the production of hepatic fibrosis.
“Specifically, in alcoholic liver disease, both iron and alcohol contribute to the production of hepatic fibrosis [1352-1358].”
From Iron behaving badly: inappropriate iron chelation as a major contributor to the aetiology of vascular and other progressive inflammatory and degenerative diseases (2009) · cites this paper as [1357]
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- Authors
- Philippe, M. A.
- Affiliations
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Philippe, Marie A
- Venue
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 35
- Pages
- 4746
- ISSN
- 1007-9327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4611196
- OpenAlex
- W82514004
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- World Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- iron, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, oxidative stress, iron overload, iron deficiency, hepatic stellate cells, extracellular matrix deposition, matrix metalloproteinases, TIMP-1, wound healing, hepatocellular carcinoma, iron metabolism, iron storage, iron excretion, iron deficiency anemia, iron overload cardiomyopathy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Iron, Liver Cirrhosis, Oxidative Stress, Disease Progression
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