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Irritable bowel syndrome: A clinical review
Open accessAbstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains a clinical challenge in the 21(st) century. It's the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal condition and also the most common reason for referral to gastroenterology clinics. Its can affect up to one in five people at some point in their lives, and has a significantly impact of life quality and health care utilization. The prevalence varies according to country and criteria used to define IBS. Various mechanisms and theories have been proposed about its etiology, but the biopsychosocial model is the most currently accepted for IBS. The complex of symptoms would be the result of the interaction between psychological, behavioral, psychosocial and environmental factors. The diagnosis of IBS is not confirmed by a specific test or structural abnormality. It is made using criteria based on clinical symptoms such as Rome criteria, unless the symptoms are thought to be atypical. Today the Rome Criteria III is the current gold-standard for the diagnoses of IBS. Secure positive evidence of IBS by means of specific disease marker is currently not possible and cannot be currently recommended for routine diagnosis. There is still no clinical evidence to recommend the use of biomarkers in blood to diagnose IBS. However, a number of different changes in IBS patients were demonstrated in recent years, some of which can be used in the future as a diagnostic support. IBS has no definitive treatment but could be controlled by non-pharmacologic management eliminating of some exacerbating factors such certain drugs, stressor conditions and changes in dietary habits.The traditional pharmacologic management of IBS has been symptom based and several drugs have been used. However, the cornerstone of its therapy is a solid patient physician relationship. This review will provide a summary of pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria and current and emerging therapies for IBS.
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“At present, neither the aetiology nor the pathophysiology of functional GI disorders is clear, and many factors such as genetic, immune, inflammatory, neurological and psychological may play an important role, although none of these are yet completely understood( 48 , 49 ).”
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“For instance, there is no definitive diagnostic test for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The condition is primarily diagnosed based on symptom criteria and the exclusion of other gastrointestinal disorders.”
From Toward Safer Diagnoses: A SEIPS-Based Narrative Review of Diagnostic Errors (2026) · cites this paper as [188]
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“The uncertainty caused by overlapping symptoms with other conditions and the lack of an objective biomarker can lead to potential diagnostic challenges [188].”
From Toward Safer Diagnoses: A SEIPS-Based Narrative Review of Diagnostic Errors (2026) · cites this paper as [188]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Soares, R. L.
- Venue
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 34
- Pages
- 12144
- ISSN
- 1007-9327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4161800
- OpenAlex
- W2040223383
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 271
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- World Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Health and Development
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- irritable bowel syndrome, Rome criteria, biopsychosocial model, IBS pathophysiology, IBS diagnosis, non-pharmacological treatment, pharmacotherapy, physician-patient relationship, quality of life, prevalence
- MeSH terms
- Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Treatment Outcome, Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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